Module 4 Flashcards
Introduction
This module discusses the nature, types, sources, and effects of air pollution. It gives the general status of air pollution in the country and summarizes the salient features of the Clean Air Act and suggests ways by which to prevent pollution.
is the presence of substances in the air in amounts harmful to humans, other animals and/or plants.
Air pollution
The criteria in determining air pollutants are:
- Particulates or very fine solids, collectively referred to as total suspended particulates (TSP)
- Particulate matter 10um in diameter
- Carbon monoxide
- Lead
- Ozone
- Sulfur Oxide
7.Nitrogen Oxide
also commonly called soot, microscopic particles suspended in the air.
Particulates or very fine solids, collectively referred to as total suspended particulates (TSP)
a toxic, odorless, colorless gas, is produced from the incomplete burning of fossil fuels or any carbonaceous material.
Carbon monoxide
is formed by a series of complex reactions involving nitrogen oxides, volatile, organic compounds, and sunlight.
Ozone
are the product of chemical reaction of sulfur and oxygen from the air.
Sulfur Oxide
are produced from high temperature combustion which causes the combination of nitrogen and oxygen gases, which are naturally present in the air.
Nitrogen Oxide
Main Sources of Air Pollution
- Mobile Sources
- Stationary Sources
- Anthropogenic Sources
- Other Sources
About 3.9 million vehicles are registered in the whole country. Around 70% use gasoline and 30% use diesel.
Mobile Sources
that account for most of the air pollution are power plants, cement plants and oil refineries.
Stationary Sources
(human-caused) sources of air pollution have been increasing with increasing urbanization, industrialization, and increasing vehicle pollution.
Anthropogenic Sources
persistent organic pollutants are group of substances that are not uncommon in our everyday lives but are extremely toxic.
Other Sources
was passed in 1999
The Clean Air Act, or Republic Act 8749
are areas with similar climate, meteorology or topology which affect the diffusion of pollution in the atmosphere or areas which share common interest or face similar development programs.
Airsheds
Various types of Air Pollutants
- Ozone depleting substances.
- Greenhouse gases
- Persistent Organic Pollutants
- Radioactive Substances
- Pollution from Smoking
- Leaded Gasoline
Consistent with the Montreal Protocol, of which the Philippines is a signatory, ODS shall be phased out.
Ozone depleting substances
Consistent with the UN Framework convention on Climate Change, the DENR shall prepare a plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
Greenhouse Gases
The DENR shall prepare an inventory of POPs in the country and a program for elimination of these substances.
Persistent Organic Pollutants
The Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, DENR and related agencies shall regulate all projects that involve release of radioactive substances.
Radioactive Substances
Smoking in any enclosed public space including public vehicles and private spaces outside of one’s residence is strictly prohibited. This prohibition shall be implemented by LGU.
Pollution from Smoking
The manufacture, importation, sale, disposal of leaded gasoline and engines and components requiring leaded gasoline is prohibited.
Leaded Gasoline
Responsibilities of various government agencies
- Department of Environment and Natural Resources
- Department of Transportation and Communications
- Department of Trade and Industry
- Department of Energy
- Philippine Nuclear Research Institute
Some Solutions to the problem of Air Pollution
- End-to-pipe solutions
- Cleaner Production
technological approaches which inactivate or capture the pollutants so that it is not released into the air.
End-of-pipe solutions
this is especially applicable to industries in order to reduce toxic emissions into the air.
Cleaner Production
