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KAS > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

EARLY PHILIPPINE POLITIES - FACING CHANGES (1565-1872)

1
Q

When was the first recorded Spanish settlement?

A

1565

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2
Q

What 2 events sparked the revolution movement in 1872?

A

Cavite Mutiny → GOMBURZA execution

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3
Q

European Age of Exploration & “Discovery”

Which countries were rising in maritime power in 15th - 16th century

A

Spain & Portugal

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4
Q

What was the motivation for the European exploration?

A

acquire trading routes/relationship w/ Spice Islands

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5
Q

What were the Spice Islands?

A

Maluku, Moluccas

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6
Q

What was the reason why Spain & Portugal cannot pass through Silk Road?

A

Spain & Portugal had religious conflicts with the Ottoman Empire

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7
Q

What was the direction of Portugal’s route to Spiced Islands?

A

Southeastern

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8
Q

When did Portugal arrive in Malacca?

A

1488

proceeded to control its strait

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9
Q

What strait did Portugal control for trading?

A

Malacca strait

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10
Q

What was the direction of Spain’s route to Spiced Islands?

A

West/southwestern

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11
Q

When did Spain fell in West Indies?

A

1942

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12
Q

Where did Spain unexpectedly landfell in 1942?

A

West Indies

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13
Q

What was used to manage spheres of influence of Spain & Portugal?

A

Demarcation Line

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14
Q

How was the first Demarcation Line set?

A

a hundred leagues from Spain into west of Cape Verde Islands

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15
Q

What and when was the first treaty for the demarcation line set?

A

Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)

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16
Q

What countries were in Portugal and Spain according to the Treaty of Tordesillas (1494)?

A

Portugal: East(south asia, sea)
Spain: West (north and south america)

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17
Q

What and when was the second treaty for the demarcation line set?

A

Treaty of Zaragoza (1529)

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18
Q

What changed in the Treaty of Zaragoza (1529)?

A

move line 370 leagues west
Brazil → Portugal (new world)

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19
Q

What was the reason for the Treaty of Zaragoza (1529)

A

Magellan’s discovery of PH (alternative route to Spice Islands)

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20
Q

What were the Spanish Expeditions towards PH?

A

Magellan-Elcano (1518 - 1521)
Loaisa (1525)
Cabot (1526)
Saavedra (1527)
Villalobos (1542 - 1546)
Legazpi (1564)

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21
Q

What and when was the first Spanish expedition to the PH archipelago?

A

Magellan - Elcano (1518 - 1521)

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22
Q

What is Ferdinand Magellan’s nationality? Why did he travel for Spain?

be specific

A

Portuguese native
turned to Spanish Crown for fund - King Charles V
Sailing westward to Moluccas (shorter) → rejected by King of Portugal

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23
Q

Where did the Magellan-El Cano Expedition first land?

A

Limasawa

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24
Q

What was the significant event in Limasawa?

A

first Catholic Mass

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25
Q

Where did Magellan continue after arriving in Limasawa? Who did he face?

A

Cebu
Lapu-Lapu

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26
Q

What was Lapu Lapu known for?

A

1st national hero
first native to resist colonization

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27
Q

What happened in the Battle of Mactan

A

Lapu-lapu’s forces defeated Magellan’s
Magellan’s demise

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28
Q

What led to Magellan’s demise?

A

Battle of Mactan
died in war

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29
Q

Who led the first expedition back to Spain after Magellan died?

A

Sebastian El Cano

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30
Q

Who was Sebastian El Cano?

A

First to circumnavigate the world along with other survivors

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31
Q

What ship survived the Magellan-El Cano Expedition?

A

Victoria

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32
Q

Who chronicled and documented the Magellan-El Cano Expedtion?

A

Antonio Pigafetta

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33
Q

Who is Antonio Pigafetta? What was his work?

A

Italian scholar and explorer
First Voyage Around the World

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34
Q

What was the direction of Magellan-El Cano’s expedition?

A

Westward

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35
Q

When was the Villalobos Expedition ?

A

1532 - 1546

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36
Q

Who led the Villalobos expedition?

A

Ruy de Villalobos

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37
Q

How many people were led by Ruy de Villalobos?

A

6 ships & 370 men

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38
Q

When did the Vilallobos Expedition depart and from where?

A

Mexico (November 1542)

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39
Q

What was Spain’s connection with Mexico?

A

Spain’s colony in America from 1565 - 1821

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40
Q

When and where in the Philippines did the Villalobos Expedition land?

A

eastern coast of Mindanao (1543)

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41
Q

What did Ruy de Villalobos & his men do once they reached Philippines?

A

Attempt to set up colony in Sarangani

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42
Q

What was Villalobos’s contribution to the PH?

A

Introduction of foreign crop (corn)

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43
Q

Why did Villalobos and his men eventually left PH?

A

due to extreme hunger and brute force from Portuguese in Maluku (Malay)

Resorted to eating dogs, cats, and rats

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44
Q

Who was Bernardo de la Torre?

A

one of the Villalobos’s commander
named Las Phelipinas

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45
Q

What part of the Philippines did Bernardo de la Torre name?

A

Tandaya/Kandaya (Leyte)

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46
Q

When and what did the Bernardo de la Torre name PH? For what reason?

A

Las Phelipinas (1543)
in honor of Prince Philip II

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47
Q

Who named Tandaya/Kanda Leyte as Las Phelipinas (1543)?

A

Bernardo de la Torre

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48
Q

When was the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition?

A

1564

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49
Q

Who led the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition?

A

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi

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50
Q

How many people was led by Miguel Lopez de Legazpi?

A

4 vessels & about 350 men

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51
Q

What happened when Miguel Lopez de Legazpi reached Cebu?

A

entered a blood compact (Sanduguan)

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52
Q

When and where did Legazpi, Si Katunaw, and Si Gala did the Sanduguan?

A

1565
Cebu

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53
Q

Who did Miguel Lopez de Legazpi enter a a blood compact with?

from where

A

Si Katunaw and Si Gala from Bohol

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54
Q

What was the Sanduguan for?

A

alliance and cooperation

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55
Q

What was the first Spanish town in PH?

A

Villa de San Miguel

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56
Q

What name replaced Villa de San Miguel? For what reason

A

Ciudad del Santissimo Nombre de Jesus
in honor of Santo Nino of Cebu

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57
Q

What were the specific instructions from Philip II for the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition?

A

Bring back samples of PH-grown spices (alternative spices) to Mexico
Discover return route Mexico (through Pacific)
Not proceed to Maluku

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58
Q

What were the Legazpi-Urdaneta expedition not allowed to proceed to Maluku?

A

(under Portugese)
Treaty of Zaragosa

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59
Q

Who fulfilled the 2nd instruction from Philip II ?

A

Fr. Andres de Urdaneta
the chief pilot

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60
Q

What route was discovered as the return route Mexico which traversed the Pacific?

A

Urdaneta Passage

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61
Q

Why was the Urdaneta Passage only useable on certain months

A

Used seasonal winds (Kuroshio current) - dependent on months for seasons

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62
Q

What route was used by Galleon ships?

A

Urdaneta Passage

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63
Q

Why did Legazpi sent an exploratory mission towards the North? Who led this mission?

A

to find richer and fertile lands to settle
Spearheaded by de Martin de Goiti

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64
Q

What lands did the mission of Martin de Goiti reached but did not stay in? Why?

A

Panay Island & Negros - resources weren’t abundant

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65
Q

What place was abundant in resources did Martin de Goiti proceeded to?

A

Manila

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66
Q

What battle ensued once Spanish forces reached Manila?

A

Battle of Bangkusay

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67
Q

Where did the Battle of Bangkusay happen?

A

mouth of Pasig River

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68
Q

Who led the exising Islamic/Moro polities before the establishment of the Spanish city of Manila?

A

Rajahs Sulayman/Soliman, Lakandula and Matanda of Maynila and Tondo

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69
Q

Why did the Battle of Bangkusay happened?

A

Resistance of some forces though some cooperated - to establish peace

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70
Q

What the site of Fort Santiago before?

A

Sultanate of Manila

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71
Q

How did the Spanish defeated the natives in the Battle of Bangkusay?

A

canons

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72
Q

When was Manila established? What was its complete name?

A

1571
ciudad de Manila

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73
Q

What was Manila known as?

A

La insigne y siempre leal ciudad
“Distinguished and ever loyal city

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74
Q

Who was the first governor general of Manila? What was his title specifically?

A

Legazpi
Adelantado de Filipinas
“advanced general”

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75
Q

When did the construction of Intramuros, the walled city, start?

A

1571

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76
Q

What is the meaning of Intramuros? What did this mean?

A

“within the walls”
what was considered Manila only
extramuros - not manila

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77
Q

What was the council of clergies in Manila? What was its role for the city?

A

Synode of Manila
joining of church and state

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78
Q

What was the aim of Spain in conquering the PH? Be specific

A

3 Gs
God, Gold, Glory

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79
Q

What did Gold mean in Spain’s conquest ?

A

establishment of trading presence in Far East

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80
Q

What did God mean in Spain’s conquest ?

A

evangelization of the Christian faith in Asia

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81
Q

What did Glory mean in Spain’s conquest ?

A

expansion of its imperial rule

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82
Q

What was Spain’s method in conquering PH? How did it work?

A

Divide and rule / divide et impera
forming alliances (ie Si Katuna in Cebu, Macabebes) & battles (ie Rajah Suliman)

PH was already divided prior (geographically)

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83
Q

What was the Political Hierarchy of the Spanish Empire?

A
  1. El Rey (Spanish Crown)
  2. Consejo de las Indias (Council of the Indies)
  3. Viceroyalty of Nueva España (New Spain)
  4. Gobernador y Capitan-General (Governor and capitan general)
  5. Corregidor (Corregimiento)
  6. Alcalde Mayor (Alcadia)
  7. Gobernadorcillo (little governor)
  8. Cabeza de barangay
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84
Q

Where was the Consejo de las Indias (Council of the Indies) based ?

A

Spain

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85
Q

As a vice-real patron, what powers did the Gobernador y Capitan-General (Governor and capitan general) have?

A

Power over appointments of religious priest and bishops
Right to supervise missions

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86
Q

Where was the Viceroyalty of Nueva España (New Spain) based?

A

Mexico

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87
Q

Who ruled the PH archipelago under the power of the Spanish Crown

A

Gobernador y Capitan-General (Governor and capitan general)

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88
Q

Why can be implied due to the fact that Gobernador y Capitan-General was subjected under viceroyalty in Mexico

A

Spanish Crown indirectly ruled PH through Mexico

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89
Q

What was the 3 roles of a Gobernador y Capitan-General?

A

Commander-in-chief of the army and navy
President of the Real Audiencia (Supreme Court)
Vice-real patron

90
Q

What level did the Corregidor (Corregimiento) rule over?

A

provincial/local level

91
Q

What level did the Alcalde Mayor (Alcadia) rule over?

A

provincial/local level

92
Q

What level did the Gobernadorcillo (little governor) rule over?

A

Municipal level

93
Q

What did the Corregidor (Corregimiento) do?

A

Handle unpacified military zones

94
Q

What did the Alcalde Mayor (Alcadia) do?

A

provincial governor for pacified provinces and districts

95
Q

What was the highest position a Mestizo (Filipino) can be elected?

A

Gobernadorcillo (little governor)

96
Q

What was the qualifications for a Gobernadorcillo (little governor)?

A

25 y.o.
literate in oral & written Spanish
served as a cabeza for 4 years

97
Q

What was the role of a Cabeza de barangay?

A

collect taxes

98
Q

Who was the cabeza de barangays who were conferred by Spanish crown?

A

former barangay chieftains

99
Q

What was the task of Spanish-based institution Residencia & Visita?

A

check exercise of power of Spanish royal officials in PH (abuses, corruption, ensuring faithful, efficient service)

100
Q

What 2 insitutions were tasked to check the exercise of power of Spanish officials?

A

Residencia (1501 - 1799) & Visita (1499 - 18th ce)

101
Q

In Teodoro Agoncillo’s quote, what was the sword’s use?

A

pacification of Indios

102
Q

In Teodoro Agoncillo’s quote, what was the cross’s use?

A

molded natives in Hispanic image

103
Q

In Teodoro Agoncillo’s quote, what was represented by the cross ?

A

missions in 1565-1606
Amalgamation of the Church and the State

104
Q

“En cada fraile tenia el re yen Filipinas un capitan general y un ejercito entero”

A

“In each friar in the Philippines they had a captain and a whole army.”

105
Q

Who termed frailocracia & La Soberania Monacal? What do they mean?

A

Marcelo H. Del Pilar - propagandista
Friarocracy & monastic supremacy

106
Q

What 2 terms in relation to the Spanish conquest did Marcelo H. Del Pilar come up with? What do they mean?

A

frailocracia & La Soberania Monacal
“friars control all fundamental forces of society in the PH”

107
Q

How do the friars utilize the pulpit and confessionals to gain control?

A

see all the attendees of the mass
extract secrets

108
Q

How do the friars control the educational system?

A

own UST and local inspectors of primary schools

109
Q

What is the meaning of the term, Reduccion?

A

Resettlement (reducir – to resettle)

110
Q

Who headed the synode of Manila in 1582?

A

Fr. Domingo de Salazar, the first bishop of Manila

111
Q

Who presented the Reduccion plan?

A

Fr. Juan de Pasencia

112
Q

What was the aim of the reduccion plan?

A

regroup scattered Filipino communities into compact, planned, and controlled Spanish cities and town and put them under the influence of the sound of the bell to go to church

113
Q

What was the phrase in the conditioning of Filipino towns to the bell?

A

bajo el son de la campana

114
Q

How did the reduccion plan condition Filipinos to the Spanish crown?

A

bell associated to Christian church → state → Spanish colonial rule

115
Q

What was the final goal of a reduccion plan?

A

Indoctrinating law-abiding citizens of Spanish crown
evangelizing them to be devoted Christians

116
Q

What system did the reduccion employ? What was its distinguish characteristic?

A

Plaza complex system with a center that provides essential services a subject will need from birth to death

117
Q

What establishments at the center of a plaza complex system were needed by Filipinos?

A

birth - baptism (records like census)
study - schools
taxes - gov buildings
death - anointing of the sin, cemeteries
Hospitals

118
Q
A
119
Q
A
120
Q
A
121
Q
A
122
Q
A
123
Q
A
124
Q

What are examples of existing Plaza complex systems in the PH?

A

Intramuros in Manila, Vigan in Ilocos Sur

125
Q

How was the plaza complex system built according to the social hierarchy?

A

nearer - more influential, richer
further - more common

126
Q

Where did the Filipinos who did not undergo the reduccion plan go to?

A

retreated to the mountains and far-flung areas

127
Q

Who was the private (encomienda de aprticulares) for Batangas?

A

Francisco Rodriguez

128
Q

What were the name of the group of natives who retreated to the mountains and far-flung areas?

A

Remontados
Cimarrones
ladrones monteses
Lahechores
tulisanes (associated with fugitives)

129
Q

What was the term encomienda mean?

A

“encomendar”
to entrust (land to a person - favored or successful in conquest)

130
Q

What was the Encomienda System for?

A

grant given by Spanish crown to meritorious Spaniard to exercise control

131
Q

What were the kinds of encomienda?

A
  1. Royal or crown (realenga or encommienda de la real corona)
  2. Private (encomienda de aprticulares)
  3. Encomendero
132
Q

What kind of encomienda is the royal or crown (realenga or encommienda de la real corona)?

Give an example

A

Lands reserved for crown
included in principal towns

Bagumbayan
Lagyo - present plaza militar
Santa Ana de Sapa
Tondo
Navotas
malabon
Lubao and Betis in Pampanga

133
Q

What kind of encomienda is the private (encomienda de aprticulares)?

Give example

A

King’s and Queen’s protege

men who served w/ merit during conquest and pacification campaigns

134
Q
A
135
Q

Who was the private (encomienda de aprticulares) for Pandacan, Sampaloc, Macacabe?

A

Pedro de Chaves

136
Q

Who was the private (encomienda de aprticulares) for Bataan?

A

Juan Esguerra

137
Q

What was the duty of an encomendero?

A

keep peace and order
protect from threats
assist missionaries

138
Q

What was granted for the encomendero ?

A

impose tribute which are limit and kind set by higher authorities

Inhabitants - pay taxes, tributes (golds, cash, crops)

139
Q

What did the encomederos do that planted seed of discontent in Filipinos?

A

they demanded for higher values for personal use which was unjust and unfair

eventually was abolished

140
Q

What replaced the encomendia system?

A

alcadia (more political)

141
Q

What is the meaning of Polo Y Servicios? What was entailed by it?

A

“pulong” - meeting of persons and things
forced community labor (forcing the natives, and later on the mestizos, to work)

142
Q

What were the drafted laborers in the encomienda system called?

A

polistas?

143
Q

What were polistas obligated to do?

A

give personal service to community projects (construction and repair)

144
Q

Who were drafted as polistas?

A

Filipinos or Chinese male mestizos
males 16 to 60 years old

145
Q

How many days did the polistas worked for when the Polo Y Servicios started? How about in 1884?

A

40 days
reduced to 15 days

146
Q

What were the polistas paid during the 40-day period?

A

daily at one and a half real

147
Q

How can a polista be exempted from forced labor?

A

payment of falla (falta - absence)

148
Q

Where were most polistas from who worked at a shipyard at Cavite?

A

Mostly from provinces of Pampanga and Tagalog

149
Q

What was the consequence of the Polo Y Servicios?

A

it coincided w/ planting and harvesting seasons which affected their villages
led to a decrease of male population in the are

150
Q

What were the other names of Galleon Trade?

A

Acapulco galleon, galleon de Manila or nao de Chin

151
Q

What was the Galleon Trade?

A

mercantilist and exclusivist trading and shipment between Spain and the Far East ?

152
Q

What does mercantilist and exclusivist mean respectively?

A

value of gold
no natives

153
Q

What were the transient points for Spain in the Galleon Trade? What were they for?

A

Acapulco, Mexico
Manila
For unloading and loading goods

154
Q

What goods were from the Far east?

A

primarily China and Japan
spices and silk

155
Q

What goods were from the Western world?

A

Europe, N and S America
silvers and pillar dollars

156
Q

What were the 2 ships per year in the Galleon Trade?

A

Capitana - flagship
Almiranta - admiral ship

1 outgoing, 1 incoming

157
Q

How long was the roundtrip for the ships of Galleon trade?

A

approx 200 days (Urdaneta passage)

158
Q

How was the Galleon Tade exclusivist?

A

only active Filipino involvement - construction of galleons

159
Q

Who benefitted from the Galleon Trade?

A

a small privileged number of Spaniards and
Chinese immigrants who set up retail and small credit business in Parian or Binondo, near the port.

160
Q

What was the exchange of cultural ideas from Manila to Acapulco?

A

mango, carabao, cock fighting (started in india), chinese goods (fireworks, gunpowder)

161
Q

What was the exchange of cultural ideas from Acapulco to Manila?

A

avocado, guava, moro-moro, moriones, black nazarene (black due to the experience - ship burned)

162
Q

What elements of Nahuatl (Aztec) seeped into the PH language?

A

tiyangge, kakaw, tsokolate, tamales, kamatsili

163
Q

What are some Mexican-borrowed Filipino words?

A

tuba, hilanhilan, paria

164
Q

When was the Galleon Trade abolished and why?

A

1813
it loss profit in 18th century due to industrialization & war with great britain (open trade)

165
Q

How was open trade different than the Galleon Trade?

A

merchant → capitalist (pioneered by UK)
free market - not controlled which is opposite to Galleon

166
Q

What was one fo the solutions to address the loss of Galleon Trade? Who proposed it?

A

Plan General Economico
Governor General Jose Basco y Vargas

167
Q

What was the Plan General Economico by Governor General Jose Basco y Vargas?

A

exploitation of natural resources not for use of locals but for export

168
Q

What was the downfall of Spain? How did it affect the PH?

A

independence of Mexico
stronger control to PH

169
Q

What natural resources were involved in the Plan General Economico?

A

tobacco, spice plants, cotton silk, indigo, hemp trees

170
Q

In Plan General Economico, what was the method to revive the Galleon Trade?

A

cash-crop monopoly

171
Q

Which cash-crop monopoly was the most successful?

A

tobacco

172
Q

When did Jose Basco y Vargas establish the Royal Company of the Philippines?

A

1785

173
Q

What was the purpose of the Royal Company of the Philippines?

A

finance economic plans
provide projects promoting scientific knowledge and technical skills

174
Q

Why was the Royal Company of the Philippines opposed by the friars?

A

scientific and technical - contradictory to what is in the educational system (Christian)

175
Q

When was the Royal Company of the Philippines and abolished? For what reasons?

A

1834
mismanagement
friar opposition
decrease of interest of merchants

176
Q

What is meant by “limpieza de sangre”?

A

purity of the blood; kalinisan ng dugo

177
Q

Who were at the highest rank of the social class during the Spanish Conquest?

A

Spanish descents & Christians

178
Q

How can Indios or natives raise their rank ?

A

convert to Christians

179
Q

What did the Spanish call the Muslims of Mindanao and why?

A

moriscos/moors

180
Q

Why did the Spanish call Muslims as moriscos/moors?

A

Derived from previous encounter of Moors in the Iberian Peninsula (15th century)

181
Q

What was the social class in the Philippines during the Spanish conquest?

A

Peninsulares
Insulares
Indio
Chinos and Infieles

182
Q

Who were the Peninsulares?

A

Spaniards born in Iberian Peninsula

183
Q

Who were the Insulares?

A

Spaniards born in PH

184
Q

Who were the Indios?

A

Christianized natives?

185
Q

Who were the Infieles?

A

non-Christian ethnic groups; remontados

186
Q

What was PH’s first formal education?

A

Madrasah
public school attached to Mosque
by Muslims in Mindanao

debunks the idea that Spain introduced “formal education” - euro-centric

187
Q

When was the Charles V decree introduced?

A

July 17, 1550

188
Q

What was the Charles V decree?

A

teach Spanish to indios in Spanish dominions

189
Q

Why was the Charles V decree opposed by the friars?

A

it is limited to elites

190
Q

How was the Charles V decree in line with Spanish’s aim glory?

A

Learn alphabet, language, doctrine, customs, policies, and transmit

191
Q

What was the curriculum to teach Spanish to natives?

A

3 Rs (reading, writing, arithmetic) + Christian doctrine, vocal and instrumental music, handicrafts

192
Q

Who were the earliest colegios in PH for?

colegio = schools, not college

A

exclusive sons of Spaniards

193
Q

Who established the earliest colegios in the PH?

A

Society of Jesus (Jesuits)
Dominicans (Order of Preachers)

194
Q

What colegio was established in 1589 and became a university in 1621?

A

Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio

195
Q

What colegio was established in 1589 and became a university in 1621?

A

Colegio Maximo de San Ignacio

196
Q

What colegio was established in 1596 and an annex of the Jesuit-run Colegio de Manila?

A

Colegio de Niños

197
Q

****

What colegio was established in 1599 in Cebu?

A

College of San Ildefonso
present day: University of San Carlos

only secondary school outside of Manila

198
Q

What colegio grew out from Escuela Pia for boys in 1817? What was it converted to?

A

College of Immaculate Concepcion
converted to Ateneo Municipal de Manila in 1865

199
Q

What colegio ran from 1865 – 1901 and was the first normal school to train male teachers for primary schools?

A

Escuela Normal de Maestros de Manila

200
Q

Who established tertiary education for boys and girls?

A

Dominicans (Order of Preachers)

201
Q

What and where was is the colegio that was established in 1611 and is oldest and longest existing university in Asia?

A

Colegio de Nuestra Señora del Santissimo Rosario
present day UST
original site: Intramuros

converted into a Dominican university in 1645

202
Q

What colegio opened for orphaned Spanish children in 1620

A

Seminaro de Niños Huerfanos de San Pedro y San Pablo
present day: College of San Juan de Letran

203
Q

What colegio for girls ran during 1591 - 1864?

A

Colegio Santa Pontenciana

204
Q

What colegio for girls was established in 1632?

A

Colegio Santa Isabela

205
Q

**

What colegio for girls is composed of Filipina nuns?

A

Beaterio de la Compañia de Jesus
Religious of the Virgin Mary

206
Q

What are beaterios?

A

Exclusive colegios for daughters of upper-class Spaniards

206
Q

What colegio was established in 1696?

A

Santa Catalina de Sena

207
Q

What colegio was established in 1719?

A

San Sebastian de Calumpang
Santa Rita College

208
Q

When was the Educational Decree established?

A

1863

209
Q

What was the Educational Decree of 1863 for ?

A

free compulsory and public funded primary schools & men’s normal school to prepare educators

210
Q

What was the discrimination regarding the Educational Decree of 1863?

A

Education was free only for poor pupils
parent’s income - duly certified by gobernadorcillo and approved by priest

211
Q

What was Rizal’s criticism towards Spanish educational system?

A
  1. educational authorities could not provide the simple books on morality, geography and the history of the Philippines in Filipino
  2. lack of school buildings
  3. punishments (El Fili)
212
Q

What was the cause for Early Resistance and Revolt by the natives?

A

drastic institutional and cultural changes
displacement, abuse, discrimination etc.

213
Q

Who led the revolt in 1762?

A

Diego Silang
Ilocano principalia

213
Q

What was all the early resistances rooted in?

A

personal concerns and issues

214
Q

When did the Silang Revolt start? Who was it against?

A

December 1762
alcalde mayor, Antonio Zabala

214
Q

When did Diego Silang ally with the British? With who, specifically?

A

May 1763
governor Dawsonne Drake

215
Q

When did the British occupy the PH? Where specifically?

A

1762- 1764
Manila & Cavite

216
Q

Why was the British successful in overthrowing the Spanish in Intramuros?

A

Went through the thinnest wall (Bagumbayan) and invaded plaza militar

217
Q

What title was granted title to Diego durihng the British occupation?

A

Don Diego Silang
Maestro de Campo General y Teniente de Justicia Mayor

218
Q

Who took over the revolt after Diego Silang?

A

Maria Josefa Gabriel Silang

218
Q

**

How did Diego Silang die?

A

assassinated by Miguel Vicos (bribed by Catholic church)

KAS (4 decks)

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