Module 1 Flashcards
INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY
What is History
As a Discipline
study about the past
What is History?
As The Past
what happened
What is History?
As A Narrative/Account
events in the past as retold
written or oral, us perspective (pantayo), them perspective (pansila)
What is History
Steps From the Past to the Account
sirkol
PAST -> Events Observed -> +Remembered -> +Recorded -> Surviving Records -> Available or Reusable Recourds -> ACCOUNT
What is History
According to Dr. Zeus Salazar
“isang salaysay hinggil sa nakaraan na may saysay para sa sinasalaysayang pangkat ng tao o salinlahi.”
Elements in History
People
Place - spatial
Time - temporal
gives historical context
What is History
As Humanities
History that creates
Gives Form of Literature through Narrative & Interpretive Methods
Subjectivity
(past stories are told and interpreted by someone)
What is History
As a Social Science
History that discovers
Record truth & Build a body of knowledge that Undergoes disciplined methodology
Objectivity
history as a different entity from us
Give the 4 Patterns of History
List only
Linear
Cynical
Spiral
Chaotic
Pattern of History
Explain Linear
has beginning and end
towards a goal or purpose
Pattern of History
Explain Cynical
rise and fall of people, society, nations, etc
Pattern of History
Explain Spiral
rise and fall but w/ a progress in every turning point
American regime → UN → independence → Marital Law → EDSA revolution
Pattern of History
Explain Chaotic
no pattern; unorganized but can have political, cultural, economical patterns of reason
early uprisings before the Katipunan/propaganda
Give Some Themes in History
List (9)
Political
Diplomatic
Biography
Economic
Cultural
Social
Women
Local
Environmental
Themes in History
Explain Political, Diplomatic, and Economic Themes of History
state, gov, nations, institutional orgs of the state
Constitutional History
state relation to other states
International relations
economic system (ie production & consumption of goods)
gave birth to: business history
Themes in History
Explain Biography, Cultural, and Social Themes of History
can be traced back to Middle Ages
purpose: present subject as Christian model or of public virtue
arts, lit, and other intellectual/creative works of humans
social problems (poverty, ignorance, insanity, disease)
Themes in History
Explain Women, Local, and Environmental Themes of History
gender w/ highlight of experiences of women
an aspect of women’s liberation
foundation & development of a geographical space as a political, social, and cultural place
ex: barrios, barangays, etc
interaction between humans and his physical environment over time
Use of Historical Sources
study of history based on documents
Historical Sources
Types of Historical Sources
List and Differentiate
Primary - created during the time period; ““firsthand/ eyewitness account”
Secondary - produced after event
Tertiary - based on secondary sources, most distant from the event
P: Cartas Sobre La Revolucion S: History of the Filipino People T: Wiki
Historical Sources
What is the Validation Process
Enumerate only
External and Internal Criticism
Validation Process
What is External Criticism
authenticity of PS according to its phyiscal features (handwriting, type of paper, ink)
Validation Process
What is Paleography
study of ancient to medieval handwriting
Validation Process
What is Internal Criticism
assess reliability of source according to its content
Validation Process
Give Some Questions Within Internal Criticism
How close was the author to the event?
When was the account made? Who was the recipient?
Is there bias to be accounted for?
Common sense - makes account probable?
Corroborated by other accounts?
Validation Process
Why is it better to research history from a farther time
Less bias and judgement, benefit of hindsight
Validation Process
Ideal time before researching on history
50 years (becomes SS)
Validation Process
What is the Triangulation Method
argument
supporting
countering
Significance of History
8
Sense of Identity
Misleading Analogies and “Lessons”
Tolerance
Basic Background for Other Disciplines
Entertainment
Critical Skills Through Careful Study
Understand Present
Understand Tendencies
Does the era of dinosaurs have history?
Why or why not
No because there is no people (an element) to observe and record the events
What can history give us
History matters because…
provides us solutions to present problems
shows us what we need
contains things we need to nourish, sustain, and inspire us
gives good ideas
teaches courage
What is Good History?
history w/ solutions or consolations for today
How can History be a tool for appreciation of our advantages
console us by judging societies agains societies instead of the ideals they had
