Module 2

Question 1

Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago

What is the Reason for PH’s many Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Answer 1

Part of Western-Pacific Ring of Fire

Question 2

Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago

How many volcanoes are there in the PH? How many are active?

Answer 2

37 volcanoes
18 active

Question 3

Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago

What makes the Flora and Fauna in PH an oddity?

Where are they from

Answer 3

It has features from all biogeographic provinces of Western Pacific, Melanesia, Wallacea and Sundaland

Question 4

Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago

What is included Sundaland?

Answer 4

Palawan, Indonesian islands west of Lombok – inc. Borneo and Malaysia

Question 5

Geographical Setting of PH Archipelago

What is included Wallacea?

Answer 5

entire PH archipelago, Indonesian islands east of Bali – inc. Sulawesi

Question 6

Theories in the Peopling Process

Who is the Proponent of the Waves of Migration Theory?

Answer 6

Prof. Henry Otley Beyer

Question 7

Theories in the Peopling Process

What was Prof. Henry Otley Beyer’s theory about?

Answer 7

Waves of Migration Theory
3 cultural groups arrived in diff. time periods

Question 8

Theories in the Peopling Process

What were the 3 cultural groups in the Waves of Migration Theory?

Answer 8

Negritos - northern
Indones (A&B) - south
Malays (presently Malaysia)

known for maritime culture

Question 9

Theories in the Peopling Process

Who debunked the Waves of Migration Theory?

Answer 9

F. Landa Jocano
UP anthropologist
former student of Beyer

Question 10

Theories in the Peopling Process

What was the 1st argument against Wave of Migration Theory according to F. Landa Jocano

Answer 10

Fossil evidence of ancient men - also went to New Guinea, Java, Borneo, and Australia

Question 11

Theories in the Peopling Process

What was the 2nd argument against Wave of Migration Theory according to F. Landa Jocano

Answer 11

Ancient men remains in Tabon Cave, Palawan (1962) - Men came to PH earlier than to Malay

Question 12

Theories in the Peopling Process

Who was the proponent of Nusantao Hypothesis

Answer 12

Wilhelm Solheim

Question 13

Theories in the Peopling Process

What did Wilhelm Solheim propose?

with explanation

Answer 13

Nusantao Hypothesis
natives of SEA and descendants moved upward to PH then to Taiwan with some even reaching coasts of Viet, SK, and Japan

Question 14

Theories in the Peopling Process

What was the Nusantao’s culture?

Answer 14

maritime-oriented

Question 15

Theories in the Peopling Process

What did the Nusantao form because of their movement?

Answer 15

maritime trading and communication network communicating along shores

Question 16

Theories in the Peopling Process

What area had pirates in the Pre-Colonial period

Answer 16

Iranun

feared by coastal cities, mostly in the Visayan reigion

Question 17

Theories in the Peopling Process

Who was the proponent of Mainland Origin Hypothesis (Out of Taiwan Model)

Answer 17

Peter Bellwood

Question 18

Theories in the Peopling Process

When did people arrive in the PH accdg to the Mainland Origin Hypothesis?

Answer 18

Neolithic era (4000 BC)

Question 19

Theories in the Peopling Process

What was Peter Bellwood’s hypothesis about?

explain

Answer 19

Mainland Origin Hypothesis (Out of Taiwan Model)

people who arrived in PH came from southern mainland China
some went from Taiwan then southward to PH then separated

Question 20

Theories in the Peopling Process

What were the Western places that people went towards after coming to PH accdg to the the Mainland Origin Hypothesis?

Answer 20

West: Ind, Malay, Andaman Islands, Madagascar

Question 21

Theories in the Peopling Process

What were the Eastern places that people went towards after coming to PH accdg to the the Mainland Origin Hypothesis?

Answer 21

East: Melanesia, Polynesia, New Zealand, Hawaii, Easter Island

Question 22

Theories in the Peopling Process

The Mainland Origin Hypothesis is a refined version of what hypothesis

explain why

Answer 22

Austronesian hypothesis (similar languages among SEA)
the people who arrived are ethno-linguistic groups

Question 23

Theories in the Peopling Process

Examples of ethno-linguistic groups that arrived in the PH

2

Answer 23

Malayo-Polynesian
Austronesian

Question 24

Theories in the Peopling Process

How did the people in the Mainland Origin Hypothesis became known for agricultural and cultivation systems

Answer 24

Neolitihic revoution (people transitioned from Nomadic hunters & gatherers to a sedentary lifestyle)
agricultural lifestyle - people will stay

Question 25

Theories in the Peopling Process

What was discovered in the Neolithic revolution?

Answer 25

discovered farming and irrigation

Question 26

Theories in the Peopling Process

What landmark were believed to be created by the people in the Mainland Origin Hypothesis ?

Answer 26

Rice Banaue Terraces

Question 27

What is the Sunda Plate?

Answer 27

minor tectonic plate straddling the Equator in the Eastern Hemisphere on which the majority of Southeast Asia is located

Question 28

What is Melanesia?

Answer 28

subregion of Oceania in the southwestern Pacific Ocean

Question 29

How is the movie, Moana connected to the Pintados?

Answer 29

warrior w/ tattoos as symbols for the death of their opponent

Question 30

Main Reason for the Formation of PH Island Arc

Answer 30

Interaction of Eurasian and PH sea plate

Question 31

What areas of the PH are a part of the Palawan microcontinental block?

Answer 31

Northwestern Panay and Romblon Island group
Palawan