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KAS > Module 3 > Flashcards

Module 3 Flashcards

EARLY PHILIPPINE POLITIES - ARRIVAL OF ISLAM (1000 BC - 1565)

1
Q

Political Set-Up

Origin of Barangay Term

specify culture and country

A

maritime culture
balanghai/balanghay (Malay) - a boat used to transport to shores

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2
Q

Political Set-Up

What is the typical size of a barangay? Why?

A

30 - 100 families (size of the barangay = how many can ride a boat)

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3
Q

Political Set-Up

What kind of state can be related to a barangay? Why?

A

State of Anarchy
No national or central government as proved by the multiplicity of barangays

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4
Q

Political Set-Up

What is the Chieftain of each independent barangay called?

A

Datu/Rajah

title to adopt → depende sa leader

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5
Q

Political Set-up

Where did the name Rajah come from?

A

Indianization

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6
Q

What cultures did the PH adopt from merchants?

A

Indianization
Sinicization - Sino - China
Islamization

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7
Q

Political Set-Up

What is the primary duty of Datu/Rajah?

2

A

rule and govern subjects
promote their welfare and interest

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8
Q

Political Set-Up

What is the social contract between the Datu/Rajah and their barangay?

A

surrender power to Datu/Rajah for protection in return

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9
Q

Political Set-Up

What government functions does the Datu/Rajah do?

A

All (Executive, Legislator, Judge)
Supreme Commander

in times of war

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10
Q

Political Set-Up

What are the differences between Barangays by datu leadership before and the PH government now?

2

A

Barangays by datu leadership → not centrally ruled nor based on abstract principles or institutions

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11
Q

Political Set-Up

How did barangays formed networks?

A

personal loyalties and marriage alliances

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12
Q

Political Set-Up

What did Datu/Rajah need to form alliances?

A

personal achievement and diplomatic skills

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13
Q

In pre-colonial period what was warfare about?

A

seizing slaves/dependents

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14
Q

Political Set-Up

What are the political units of Muslim communities?

A

Sultanato and Sultanate

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15
Q

Political Set-Up

Who headed a Sultanato ?

A

Sultan

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16
Q

Political Set-Up

What do you call the advisors of a Sultan?

A

Ruma Bichara (council of trusted advisors)

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17
Q

Political Set-Up

What are some prominent Sultans?

A

Maguindanao and Sulu, Manila (sultans from Sultanate of Brunei)

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18
Q

Social Classes

What was the Pre-Colonial Social Heirarchy?

A

Nobles
Freemen
Dependent

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19
Q

Social Classes

What differs from the general classification of social classes in PH to other countries?

A

there was mobility in the PH, you can change ranks

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20
Q

Social Classes

Who was the Nobles? What did they have?

A

Chiefs + family
Highest - greatest influence and many rights

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21
Q

Social Classes

Nobles in Tagalog

A

Gat or Lakan

Gat - national heroes

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22
Q

Social Classes

Who was the Freemen? What did they have?

A

Earned freedom from being dependents

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23
Q

Social Classes

Freemen in Tagalog

A

maharlikas /mahadlikas

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24
Q

Social Classes

Freemen in Visayas

A

Timawas

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25
Q

Social Classes

How does a Dependent acquire their status?

5

A

Inheritance
Captivity in war
Failing to pay debt
Purchase (was bought)
Committing a crime

criminal (decided from boiling hot oil)

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26
Q

Social Classes

Dependents in Tagalog

A

Alipin

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27
Q

Social Classes)

Kinds of Alipin (Dependents in Tagalog)

A

Aliping Namamahay
Aliping Sagigilid

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28
Q

Social Classes

What does the Aliping Sagigilid have?

3

A

No property
Lived with master
Cannot marry without master’s consent

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29
Q

Social Classes

What does the Aliping Namamahay have?

2 and specify

A

Has own family and house
Serves master when needed (plantation, harvest season, house construction, etc.)

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30
Q

Social Classes

Dependents in Visayas

A

uripon

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31
Q

Social Classes

Kinds of Uripon (Dependents in Visayas)

A

Tumataban
Tumarampuk
Ayuey

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32
Q

Social Classes

When does the Tumataban work?

A

Works when summoned

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33
Q

Social Classes

When does the Tumarampuk work?

A

1 day/week

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34
Q

Social Classes

When does the Ayuey work?

A

3 days/week

35
Q

Gender

There were customary laws that gave women equal rights as men. What rights were they allowed through this?

A

Inheriting property
Engaging in trade and industry
Succeeding as chieftain (if no male heir)

36
Q

Gender

What are Babaylans in Visayan?

A

Katalonans

37
Q

Gender

Pre-colonial women who had equal, and even greater rights than men

A

Babaylan

38
Q

Gender

How did Babaylans became evidence for pre-colonial non-binary identites?

A

Cross-dressing
men can be babaylans as long as they dress feminine

39
Q

Gender

What do Babaylans do?

A

Spiritual leaders (communicate with spirits)
manggagamot

40
Q

Gender

Who were the Binukots?

A

Daughter of rulers who were kept hidden to preserve their beauty

41
Q

Gender

What were the roles of a Binukot?

A

To be wed to other chieftain’s sons (for diplomatic ties)
Oral historians (Memorize epics and narrate it to the next)

42
Q

Spiritual/Religious Beliefs

What was the pre-colonial belief about death?

A

immortality of soul and life after death

43
Q

Spiritual/Religious Beliefs

What was the animistic belief? Why did they have this belief?

A

Seeing and worshiping divinity in the surrounding environment
Divinity had power to give life or bring harm so mortals have to pray to the spirits (most powerful)

44
Q

Spiritual/Religious Beliefs

How were rituals based?

A

According to belief and ranking

45
Q

Spiritual/Religious Beliefs

Creator of earth and man (ranking deity)
God of Agriculture
Goddess of Harvest

A

Bathalang Maykapal
Idiyanale
Lalahon

46
Q

Spiritual/Religious Beliefs

War God
Fire God
God of Hell
God of the Other World

A

Mandarangan
Agni
Siginarugan
Magwayen

Agni - Indianization

47
Q

Spiritual/Religious Beliefs

God of Breath
Rainbow God
God of Love

A

Sidapa
Balangaw
Diyan Masalanta

48
Q

Languages/Systems of Writing

Why were the Pre-Colonial Writing perishable? What materials did they use?

A

Barks, Bamboo Tubes, Leaves
Knives, Daggers, Pointed Sticks or Irons
Colored Saps

49
Q

Languages/Systems of Writing

What evidence of Pre-Colonial writing survived?

A

Laguna copper plate

50
Q

Languages/Systems of Writing

How many language and dialects are there in the Philippines?

A

100+

51
Q

Languages/Systems of Writing

What are the 8 major languages in the Philippines?

A

Tagalog
Iloko
Pangasinan
Kapampangan
Sugbuhanon
Hiligaynon
Samarnon (Samar-Leyte)
Maguindanao

52
Q

Languages/Systems of Writing

What were the Philippine languages descendent of?

A

Austronesian or Malayo-Polynesian

53
Q

Languages/Systems of Writing

What script was used by friars to translate Christian teachings for Filipinos?

A

Baybayin

54
Q

Languages/Systems of Writing

What is Baybayin? Where and why is it used?

A

syllabary script (consonant + vowel)
used in Tagalog region
most famous

55
Q

Languages/Systems of Writing

What are other systems of writing?

A

Kulitan - pampanga (vertical)
Haninu’o
Buhid
Tagbanwa
Jawi
Kurdita

56
Q

Arrival of Islam

What were the Phases of Islamization

A

Military conquest
Merchants and missionaries

57
Q

Arrival of Islam

How was military conquest used to spread Islam?

A

Arabia - origin
Middle East, North Africa
Spain
Central Asia, Eastern Europe

Reason for hostility towards Muslims (moro) in PH

58
Q

Arrival of Islam

How was merchants and missionaries used to spread Islam?

A

intensive trading relations (Silk road and by sea) in Malacca

59
Q

Arrival of Islam

What was the Sufist movement?

A

Tariqas or brotherhood
mystic + teachings of Allah
thrifty

60
Q

Arrival of Islam

What was the main source of Islam in PH?

explain

A

Tarsuka
Genealogy of diff leaders and inhabitants of Sulu and Mindanao

61
Q

Arrival of Islam

Who first introduced Islam in the PH and when?

A

Tuan Mashika - 13th century

62
Q

Arrival of Islam

Give the 2 Muslims who gained power as Sultanate in the PH

origins + where they arrived

A

Rajah Baginda - Sumatra (Indo) in Sulu

Serif Kabunsugan - Johore (Malay) in Mindanao

63
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What/who provided information about PH’s pre-colonial period

A

Mostly written from Chinese officials
Including those written by Muslim scholars
Spaniards encounter with PH

64
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What did foreign communities written works about PH proved?

A

Proof of existence of a civilization with an Oriental texture

65
Q

Early Foreign Relations

Who were the Orang Dampauns

A

men from Champa (South Viet)
have Hindu culture

66
Q

Early Foreign Relations

When did the Orang Dampuans came to the PH?

A

came to PH as immigrants (900 - 1200 AD)

67
Q

Early Foreign Relations

Who were the PH’s early foreign relations?

A

Orang Dampuans
Banjarmasin
China

68
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What were Orang Dampuans’ main interest and how did they achieve that?

A

Trade
started in Sulu and built relationship between Southern Annam and Sultanate of Sulu

69
Q

Early Foreign Relations

Who were the Buranun?

A

hill tribes of Sulu

70
Q

Early Foreign Relations

Why did the Buranuns massacre some of the Orang Dampuans?

A

jealousy in their relations and prosperity

71
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What kind of communities were present in Orang Dampuan v. Buranun?

A

Plain community vs elevated community

72
Q

Early Foreign Relations

How did the Orang Dampuans get revenge for the massacre?

A

retaliation w/ greater tech

73
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What was the end of Orang Dampuan v. Buranun?

When

A

13th century → peaceful relations between Sultanate of Sulu and Orang Dampuans

74
Q

Early Foreign Relations

Who was the Banjarmasin?

A

a sub-state of the Empire of Sri Vijaya (along w/ Brunei) that sent traders to Sulu

75
Q

Early Foreign Relations

How did the Banjarmasin enter Sulu?

A

entered diplomatically through marriage
Brought beautiful princess who became Buranun Sultan’s queen

76
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What was the proof that Sulu came under Banjarmasin’s influence?

A

The Buranun were willing to pay tributes to Banjars

77
Q

Early Foreign Relations

When and why did China created relations with PH?

A

trade in the 9th century

78
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What is the argument on the “first discovery of PH”?

A

Arab traders (barred from Central China Coast) found alternative route which passed PH and became middlemen for trading of PH and Chinese goods
Hence, there is argument against China dynasties’ “discovery of PH”

79
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What did China called PH back then?

A

Called PH as ma’i (mindoro)

80
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What dynasty established colonies in the coastal areas?

A

Sung Dynasty

81
Q

Early Foreign Relations

Why did China had to strengthen its relations w PH

A

Faced competition among maritimes communities

82
Q

Early Foreign Relations

What countries were China’s main competitors?

A

Cambodia, Champa, Annam, SIam, and Tokin

83
Q

Early Foreign Relations

Which emperoro sent a fleet to Lingayen, Pangasinan

believed to also reach Africa

A

Ming emperor, Yung Lo

KAS (4 decks)

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