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biology 1107 > module 4 > Flashcards

module 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The end product of meiosis is?
a. 4 diploid daughter cells
b. 4 haploid daughter cells
c. 2 diploid daughter cells
d. 2 haploid daughter cells

A

b. 4 haploid daughter cells

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2
Q

Which of the following steps takes place in both mitosis and meiosis?
a. Separation of sister chromatids
b. Separation of homologous chromosomes
c. Crossing over
d. Alignment of tetrads at the metaphase plate
e. Both A and B

A

a. Separation of sister chromatids

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3
Q

At what stage of the cell cycle do cells go through a period of growth to prepare for
mitosis?
a. S phase
b. G0 phase
c. G1 phase
d. G2 phase
e. M phase

A

d. G2 phase

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4
Q

Both Mendel’s Law of Segregation and Independent Assortment are partly due to what
factor?
a. Random alignment of sister chromatids during mitosis
b. Un-linked genes are located on different chromosomes
c. Linked genes are able to go through recombination
d. Condensing of chromosomes during prophase I
e. Separation of sister chromatids

A

b. Un-linked genes are located on different

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5
Q

If someone is a carrier for a gene this must mean that they are:
a. Homozygous recessive for the gene
b. Homozygous dominant for the gene
c. Heterozygous for the gene

A

c. Heterozygous for the gene

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6
Q

If an individual who is homozygous dominant for a gene and an individual is
homozygous recessive for a gene have offspring together, how many different genotypic
and phenotypic combinations are there if the gene behaves a simple mendelian trait?
a. 1 genotypic, 1 phenotypic
b. 2 genotypic, 1 phenotypic
c. 3 genotypic, 2 phenotypic
d. 3 genotypic, 3 phenotypic
e. 1 genotypic, 2 phenotypic

A

a. 1 genotypic, 1 phenotypic

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7
Q

Dr. Harrison’s potential genotypic combinations for eye color were BBgg and Bbgg and
his wife’s potential combinations were bbGG and bbGg. B is dominant and leads to
brown eye color. G is also dominant and leads to green eye color in the absence of a
dominant brown allele. Blue eye color needs the recessive alleles for both gene loci.
Given that they have a daughter with blue eyes. What are the chances they will have
another child with blue eyes?
a. 1/16
b. 1/4
c. 1/8
d. 1/2
e. 3/16

A

b. 1/4

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8
Q

Hemophilia A is an X-linked recessive disorder common in European royal family. Alice
the Duchess of Hess, was heterozygous for the Hemophilia A allele and her husband was
not affected by the disorder. Her son Ernest Louis seems like a healthy boy at birth but
this disorder can sometimes not show up until early childhood. What are the chances that
Ernest Louis has the disorder?
a. 3/4
b. 1/2
c. 1/4
d. 1/8
e. 1/1

A

b. 1/2

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9
Q

f a male has a X-linked dominant allele, what will be true about his daughters?
a. They will be unaffected
b. They will be carriers
c. Half of them will be affected
d. Half of them will be carriers
e. They will all be affected

A

e. They will all be affected

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10
Q

Crossing over is most likely to occur on chromosomes that:
a. Are close together on different chromosomes
b. Are far apart on different chromosomes
c. Are close together on the same chromosome
d. Are far apart on the same chromosome

A

d. Are far apart on the same chromosome

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11
Q

n a simplified 3 gene model of the quantitative trait human skin color, where A, B, and C
are dominant alleles coding for skin pigmentation. Which of these individuals will have
the darkest skin color?
a. AaBbCc
b. AABbcc
c. AaBBcc
d. aaBBCc
e. All of the above will have the same skin color

A

e. All of the above will have the same skin color

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12
Q

Curly hair is a human trait encoded by one gene. When an individual with curly hair
(HH) mates with an individual with straight hair (hh), an individual with wavy hair
results. This is an example of what type of inheritance pattern?
a. Co-dominance
b. Incomplete dominance
c. Gene-by gene interaction
d. Polygenic inheritance
e. Multiple allelism

A

b. Incomplete dominance

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13
Q

If an individual with wavy hair mated with an individual with straight hair what are the
chances that they would have offspring with curly hair?
a. 0
b. 1/8
c. 1/4
d. 1/2
e. 1/1

A

a. 0

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14
Q

What type of bond link bases to their opposites on the antiparallel DNA strand?
a. Phosphodiester
b. Hydrogen
c. Covalent
d. Ionic
e. Polar

A

b. Hydrogen

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15
Q

he bacterial transformation experiments performed by Avery, McCleod, and McCarthy
in 1944 in which they separated classes of molecules and exposed non-virulent bacteria
to virulent molecules demonstrated that:
a. Virulent (disease-causing) strains can survive heat better than non-virulent strains
b. DNA is the hereditary material
c. Bacteria can acquire hereditary information from their environment
d. Bacteria can become antibiotic-resistant
e. Both B and C

A

e. Both B and C

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16
Q

Which of these features of DNA structure is the reason that there is a leading and lagging
strand during DNA replication?
a. New nucleotides need a free 3’ OH group
b. Origins of replication only move in one direction
c. DNA has a parallel strand structure
d. Adding new nucleotides is an endergonic reaction
e. Primase only works on the leading strand

A

a. New nucleotides need a free 3’ OH group

17
Q

Which of these proteins is NOT an important part of the DNA replication process?
a. DNA polymerase
b. Ligase
c. Primase
d. RNA polymerase
e. Helicase

A

d. RNA polymerase

18
Q

Which of these features is unique to eukaryotic transcription and translation?
a. RNA polymerase
b. AUG being the start codon for translation
c. mRNA splicing
d. Coupling of transcription and translation
e. tRNA

A

c. mRNA splicing

19
Q

Which of these components is NOT directly involved in the process of translation?
a. rRNA
b. mRNA
c. Ribosome
d. DNA polymerase
e. tRNA

A

d. DNA polymerase

20
Q

Given the following template strand of DNA, what would be the corresponding mRNA?
5’-ATTCAGGT-3’
a. 5’-AUUCAGGU-3’
b. 5’-UAAGUCCA-3’
c. 5’-ACCUGAAU-3’
d. 5’-UGGACUUA-3’
e. 5’-ACCTGAAT-3

A

c. 5’-ACCUGAAU-3’

21
Q

If the following DNA coding sequence was mutated from 5’-ACT-3’ to 5’-ACA-3’, what
type of mutation would occur?
a. Frameshift
b. Nonsense
c. Silent
d. Missense
e. Duplication

A

c. Silent

22
Q

The Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) protein is responsible for a conformational change in
histones which causes DNA to be more tightly associated with histones. If there was a
mutation in HDAC that disrupted this function, what would be the effect on gene
expression?
a. There would be no change in gene expression
b. There would be an increase in the expression of very few genes
c. There would be an increase in gene expression across the genome
d. There would be a decrease in gene expression of very few genes
e. There would be a decrease in gene expression across the genome

A

c. There would be an increase in gene expression across the genome

23
Q

In most cases in the developing gonads of individuals who are genotypically XX,
expression of the Foxl2 gene leads to the Foxl2 protein binding to the DNA and helping
initiate transcription of ovarian specific genes. Foxl2 is an example of what type of
protein?
a. Polymerase
b. Repressor
c. Splicer
d. Activator
e. Helicase

A

d. Activator

24
Q

If there was a mutation in the DNA binding domain of Foxl2 that cause it to not bind as
tightly to DNA how would this affect expression of ovarian specific genes?
a. No change in gene expression
b. Decrease in the expression of ovarian specific genes
c. Increase in the expression of ovarian specific genes

A

b. Decrease in the expression of ovarian specific genes
c. Incre

25
Q

The gene that is involved in producing actin monomers for the actin cytoskeleton is
normally constitutively active gene (always on). What would happen to expression of
actin if the promoter region of this gene was mutated to less closely resemble the
constitutive sequence for the promoter.
a. Decrease in gene expression only when actin is present
b. Increase in gene expression only when actin is present
c. Decrease in gene expression only when actin is NOT present
d. Increase in gene expression only when actin is NOT present
e. Decrease in gene expression regardless if actin is present or not

A

e. Decrease in gene expression regardless if actin is present or not

26
Q

Which process is unique to eukaryotic gene expression when compared to prokaryotic
gene expression?
a. Alternative splicing
b. Ribosomes translate mRNA
c. Transcription and translation are coupled
d. Positive and negative regulation of the same gene
e. Operons as a mechanism of co-regulation

A

a. Alternative splicing

27
Q

hat types of mutation would be discovered by exome sequencing?
a. A mutation in an intron
b. A silent mutation in an exon
c. A mutation in the promoter
d. A mutation that occurred in a regulatory element of a gene
e. A mutation in a retrotransposon

A

b. A silent mutation in an exon

28
Q

Which of these organisms is most complex?
a. Humans
b. Rice
c. C. Elegans
d. Corn
e. It depends how you define complexity

A

e. It depends how you define complexity

29
Q

The largest component of the human genome is what type of element?
a. Introns
b. Exons
c. Retrotransposons
d. Simple sequence repeats
e. Miscellaneous heterochromatin

A

c. Retrotransposons

30
Q

Which of these types of bacteria would have the smallest genome?
a. Phototrophic bacteria
b. Parasitic bacteria
c. Aerobically respiring bacteria
d. Anaerobically respiring bacteria
e. Chemotrophic bacteria

A

b. Parasitic bacteria

biology 1107 (5 decks)

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