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Anatomy and Phys 1 > Module 4 > Flashcards

Module 4 Flashcards

1
Q

A disturbance of posture, muscle tremors at rest, and uncontrolled muscle contraction are all symptoms of damage to the basal nuclei.

A

True

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2
Q

A drug that might be used specifically to reduce heart rate in cardiac patients could be ________.

A

a beta-blocker

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3
Q

A major relay station for sensory information ascending to primary sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. Contains many specialized nuclei.

A

Thalamus

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4
Q

A patient who received a blow to the side of the skull exhibits the following signs and symptoms on that side of the face: he is unable to close his eye, and the corner of his mouth droops. Which cranial nerve has been damaged?

A

facial

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5
Q

A shallow groove on the surface of the cortex is called a ________.

A

sulcus

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6
Q

Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings.

A

True

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7
Q

Alpha-adrenergic effects are usually stimulatory and mediatory.

A

True

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8
Q

An individual accidentally transected the spinal cord between T1 and L1. This would result in ____.

A

Paraplegia

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9
Q

Auditory area

A

Temporal Lobe

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10
Q

Because the ANS is a visceral motor system, afferent pathways are of no importance and actually are rarely found.

A

False

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11
Q

Bell’s palsy is ____.

A

characterized by paralysis of facial muscles

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12
Q

Beta-blockers ________.

A

decrease heart rate and blood pressure

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13
Q

Broca’s area ____.

A

is considered a motor speech area

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14
Q

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all except ________.

A

dilation of the blood vessels serving the skin and digestive viscera

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15
Q

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

A

the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

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16
Q

Cell bodies of the sensory neurons of the spinal nerves are located in ________.

A

the dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord

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17
Q

Cell bodies of the somatic motor neurons of the spinal nerves are located in the ventral horn of the spinal cord.

A

True

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18
Q

Consists of an ipsilateral withdrawal reflex and a contralateral extensor reflex; important in maintaining balance.

A

Crossed-Extensor

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19
Q

Dermatomes are skin segments that relate to sensory innervation regions of the spinal nerves.

A

True

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20
Q

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.

A

hypothalamus

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21
Q

Erection of the penis or clitoris ________.

A

is primarily under parasympathetic control

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22
Q

Feeling a gentle caress on your arm would likely involve all of the following except ________.

A

Pacinian corpuscles

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23
Q

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic chain without synapsing form structures called ________.

A

splanchnic nerves

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24
Q

Formed by the union of a cranial and a spinal root.

A

Accessory

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25
Q

Gateway to the cerebrum

A

Thalamus

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26
Q

Helps to regulate blood pressure and digestion.

A

Vagus

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27
Q

If the ventral root of a spinal nerve were cut, what would be the result in the tissue or region that nerve supplies?

A

a complete loss of voluntary movement

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28
Q

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

A

extend

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29
Q

Injury to the hypothalamus may result in all of the following except ______.

A

loss of proprioception

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30
Q

Irritation of the phrenic nerve may cause diaphragm spasms called hiccups.

A

True

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31
Q

Meningitis is the most accurate term for inflammation of neurons.

A

False

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32
Q

Mixed cranial nerves containing both motor and sensory fibers include all except which of the following?

A

olafactory

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33
Q

Most body organs are innervated by only the sympathetic division of the nervous system.

A

False

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34
Q

Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.

A

True

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35
Q

Most of the ascending and descending pathways to and from the brain cross over from one side of the body to the other.

A

True

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36
Q

Motor command center

A

Cerebellum

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37
Q

Motor speech area

A

Frontal lobe

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38
Q

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS only are ________.

A

afferent nerves

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39
Q

Neural tracts that convey life-saving information to the brain concerning burning pain would be ________.

A

lateral spinothalamic

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40
Q

One functional center found within the medulla oblongata is a respiratory center involved in the control of the rate and depth of breathing.

A

True

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41
Q

Parasympathetic functions include ________.

A

lens accommodation for close vision

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42
Q

Petit mal seizures found in children generally go away with age.

A

True

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43
Q

Potentially damaging stimuli that result in pain are selectively detected by ________.

A

nociceptors

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44
Q

Premotor area

A

Frontal lobe

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45
Q

Preparing the body for the “fight-or-flight” response is the role of the ________.

A

sympathetic nervous system

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46
Q

Prevents muscle overstretching and maintains muscle tone.

A

Stretch

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47
Q

Primary sensory cortex

A

Parietal lobe

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48
Q

Problems in balance may follow trauma to which nerve?

A

vestibulocochlear

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49
Q

Produces a rapid withdrawal of the body part from a painful stimulus; ipsilateral.

A

Flexor

50
Q

Produces muscle relaxation and lengthening in response to tension; the contracting muscle relaxes as its antagonist is activated.

A

Golgi tendon

51
Q

Receptors for this nerve are located in epithelium of the nasal cavity.

A

Olfactory

52
Q

Ridges of tissue on the surface of the cerebral hemispheres are called _____.

A

gyri

53
Q

Seat of intelligence, abstract reasoning

A

Frontal lobe

54
Q

Second-order neurons of both the specific and nonspecific ascending pathways terminate in the _____.

A

thalamus

55
Q

Serves the senses of hearing and equilibrium.

A

Vestibulocochlear

56
Q

Somatic motor cortex

A

Frontal Lobe

57
Q

Sorting of sensory information and relaying it to the appropriate cerebral sensory area occurs in the hypothalamus.

A

False

58
Q

Spastic paralysis suggests involvement of the ____.

A

upper motor neurons

59
Q

Specific motor and sensory functions are localized in specific areas called domains, whereas memory and language have overlapping domains

A

True

60
Q

Spinal nerves exiting the cord from the level of L4to S4form the ________.

A

sacral plexus

61
Q

Survival center

A

Brain steam

62
Q

Sympathetic division stimulation causes _____.

A

increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

63
Q

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

A

first thoracic

64
Q

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

A

NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

65
Q

Taste (gustatory) area

A

Insula

66
Q

Test both upper and lower motor pathways. The sole of the foot is stimulated with a dull instrument.

A

Plantar

67
Q

The arbor vitae refers to ________.

A

cerebellar white matter

68
Q

The area of the cortex that is responsible for sensations of the full bladder and the feeling that your lungs will burst when you hold your breath too long is the ______.

A

visceral sensory area

69
Q

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

A

True

70
Q

The axons from this area form the major pyramidal tracts.

A

Primary motor cortex

71
Q

The blood-brain barrier is effective against _____.

A

metabolic waste such as urea

72
Q

The brain area that regulates activities that control the stat of wakefulness of alertness of the cerebral cortex is the ____.

A

reticular formation

73
Q

The brain stem consists of the ________.

A

midbrain, medulla, and pons

74
Q

The central sulcus separates which lobes?

A

frontal from parietal

75
Q

The cerebellum and basal nuclei are involved in regulating motor activity, starting and stopping movements, and coordinating postural movements.

A

True

76
Q

The corpora quadrigemina superior colliculi are visual reflex centers, whereas the inferior colliculi are auditory reflex centers.

A

True

77
Q

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.

A

True

78
Q

The frontal lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the _____.

A

lateral sulcas

79
Q

The glossopharyngeal nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.

A

False

80
Q

The hypothalamus ____.

A

is the thermostat of the body because it regulates temperature

81
Q

The left cerebral hemisphere is usually dominant.

A

True

82
Q

The limbic system acts as our emotional, or affective, brain.

A

True

83
Q

The only cranial nerves to extend beyond the head and neck region are the vagus nerves.

A

True

84
Q

The patellar “knee jerk” reflex is an example of a ____.

A

stretch reflex

85
Q

The possibility of some control over autonomic responses is demonstrated by ________.

A

biofeedback

86
Q

The primary auditory cortex is located in the ________.

A

temporal lobe

87
Q

The primary visual cortex contains a map of visual space.

A

True

88
Q

The process of linking new facts with old facts already stored in the memory bank is called _____.

A

consolidation

89
Q

The “resting and digesting” division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

A

parasympathetic division

90
Q

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.

A

vagus nerve

91
Q

The second cranial nerve forms a chiasma at the base of the brain for partial crossover of neural fibers.

A

True

92
Q

The second cranial nerve is the only cranial nerve that contains sensory fibers.

A

False

93
Q

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.

A

sympathetic stimulation

94
Q

The subarachnoid space lies between what two layers of meninges?

A

arachnoid and pia

95
Q

The vital centers for the control of heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure are located in the ________.

A

medulla

96
Q

The white matter of the spinal cord contains _____.

A

myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers

97
Q

There are 41 pairs of the spinal nerves.

A

False

98
Q

Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division.

A

True

99
Q

This area is the main visceral control center of the body.

A

Hypothalamus

100
Q

This brain area associates experiences necessary for the production of abstract ideas, judgment, and conscience.

A

Prefrontal area

101
Q

Through direct neural stimulation, the sympathetic division promotes many metabolic effects via hormone release.

A

True

102
Q

Tremor at rest, shuffling gait, stooped posture, and expressionless face are characteristics of ______.

A

Parkinson’s disease

103
Q

Turns the eyeball laterally.

A

Abducens

104
Q

Two terms for the massive motor tracts serving voluntary movement are ______.

A

pyramidal and corticospinal

105
Q

Visceral reflex arcs from somatic in that _______.

A

visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

106
Q

Visual area

A

Occipital lobe

107
Q

Which fissure separates the cerebral hemispheres?

A

longitudinal fissure

108
Q

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

A

regulation of body temperature

109
Q

Which of the following does not describe the ANS?

A

a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells

110
Q

Which of the following generalizations does not describe the cerebral cortex?

A

The hemispheres are exactly equal in function

111
Q

Which of the following is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

A

dilation of the pupils

112
Q

Which of the following is not an example of an exteroceptor?

A

baroreceptor

113
Q

Which of the following is the correct simple spinal reflex arc?

A

receptor, afferent neuron, integration center, efferent neuron, effector

114
Q

Which of the following is the mildest consequence of traumatic brain injury?

A

concussion

115
Q

Which of the following structures is probably not directly involved in memory?

A

medulla

116
Q

Which of the following would you not find in normal cerebrospinal fluid?

A

red blood cells

117
Q

Which of these effectors is not directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

A

skeletal muscle

118
Q

Which of these would you not find in the cerebral cortex?

A

fiber tracts

119
Q

Which part of the cerebral cortex is involved in intellect, cognition, recall, and personality?

A

prefrontal cortex

120
Q

Which statement about coma is true?

A

Coma is defined as total unresponsiveness to stimuli for a long period of time.

Anatomy and Phys 1 (4 decks)

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