Module 4

Question 1

differences in physical activity participation by population groups needs to be understood through multiple lenses:

Answer 1

-equality
-inequality
-disparity and inequity
-equity
-social justice

Question 2

equality and health equality

Answer 2

-everyone has access to the same resources (tools, assistance), regardless of their background or circumstance

-All people receives equal treatments with no consideration given to peoples different needs, advantages or disadvantages

Question 3

health equality

Answer 3

-including physically active (health determinant)
Everyone is treated the same, having access to the same resources, tools and opportunities to a achieve positive health outcomes

Question 4

health equality exists:

Answer 4

everyone must start from the same place
-assumes everyone benefits form the same approaches (regardless of their background or circumstances)
e.g. income and social status, education and literacy, access to health care, race, culture, gender ect.

Question 5

physical activity examples of equality approaches ?

Answer 5

English language brochures about leisure centres to all residents, but who might not benefit from this approach?
-different first language, low income, transgender, identity, disability, low reading literacy

Question 6

equality is the
inequality is an

Answer 6

action
outcome

Question 7

inequality (concerned with an outcome)
exists when
what is it

Answer 7

exists when: qualitative differences between different population groups (age, sex) when looking fat outcome x

-inequality is a dimensional description (more vs. less) when quantities are unequal
-no moral/ethical judgement is made about the reasons why groups differ eg. No consideration abut wether the outcome is unjust, unfair and avoidable/preventable

Question 8

health inequality -Differences in health outcomes and/or heath determinates (PA) between population groups

Answer 8

groups: social, economic, geographic, demographic

-includes any measurable/quantifiable aspect of health that varies across population groups

-difference in age with no judgement as to why= health inequality

-judgement free

Question 9

-what if we question and identify he reason(s) for a heath inequality across different groups?

Answer 9

reasons: non-modifiable and/o risk factors, including individual factors and/or those that are unjust, unfair and unavoidable

Question 10

non-modifiable: examples in health or physical activity (cannot change) ?

Answer 10

age, genetics. sex, race or ethnic background

Question 11

modifiable examples in health or physical activity?

Answer 11

motivation, confidence, individuals choices about health behaviours
psychosocial factors( attitudes, knowledge, self-efficacy)

Question 12

unjust, unfair and avoidable reasons due to social determinants of health (and physical activity) such as:

Answer 12

• Discrimination and social exclusion (race, age, gender, identity, sexual orientation ect.)
  -education and literacy skills
  -Income and employment status
  -health care access
  -violence, housing, food security
  WHO: these account for 30-55% of health outcomes

Question 13

when is a health inequality a health disparity

Answer 13

when modifiable factors are unjust, unfair, and unavoidable: health inequality is called a health disparity
-disparity is produced due to/caused by health inequity(yes)
-systematically experienced social, economic or environmental obstacles to health and health determinantes

Question 14

health disparity and health inequity
Most health disparities affect marginalized groups because of their ______________ or some combination of these (intersectionality)

Answer 14

income, social class, race, sexual orientation, gender identity, geographical location ect.

people in marginalized groups: experience worse health and tend to have less access to oppprotunities that support improved health

Question 15

addressing health inequality

Answer 15

-all people have a right to heathen Canada
but how can this be accomplished?
-to address the inequalities and change the related disparity so group differences no longer existed, tow related solutions:
-equity and social injustice

Question 16

equity

Answer 16

means giving everyone the support they need based on their specific background and circumstance

Question 17

health equity

Answer 17

reducing and ultimately eliminating health disparity (outcome)

pursue health for all with particular attention to the unique needs of those most at risk for poor health (marginalized groups)
Seek to create equal opportunities but through approaches tailored to marginalized groups

Question 18

achieving equity requires

Answer 18

addressing and eliminating health inequity as well as creating that does not produce inequality
(More specifically, the disparity)

Question 19

social justice

Answer 19

removing systemic and discriminatory obstacles to equal access to health, including health determinants
fix the system= to remove obstacles completely
system=Interconnected relationships between individuals, groups and institutions with shared behaviours, norms and values that combine to form society
obstacles are engrained in our society; thinking, practices and action

Question 20

underlying principle

Answer 20

all people have the right for equal access to health, wealth and well being privileges and opportunities
requires equitable approaches
-human rights
access
participation

Question 21

health inequality

Answer 21

is a quantitative difference in health or health determinants
-no moral/ethical judgement is made
-will always occur (age, genetics)

Question 22

health disparity

Answer 22

is an inequality that arises from unjust, unfair, and avoidable health inequities
-affects marginalized groups
-inequities are avoidable

Question 23

equality

Answer 23

promotes fairness and justice by giving everyone the same resources, tools, and opportunities
-will only work if everyone starts at the same place
-ineffective at present: systemic injustices that are unfair, unjust, and avoidable require specific tailored approaches

Question 24

equity

Answer 24

equity is actual fairness
-people get access to the same opportunities by providing them with the support they need based on specific needs (background, circumstance)
-addresses social determinants of health that produce the inequity and end goal is to eliminate/reduce health disparity
-correct for oppression, helps to break down unjust system
-if there is no reason it is just the outcome

Question 25

social justice (review)

Answer 25

removes obstacles by addressing the systemic inequality through equity, human rights, access and participation by all
systemic= deeply engrained, practice and actions embedded in our society
-everyone is now equal because opportunity is equal