Module 4 Flashcards
differences in physical activity participation by population groups needs to be understood through multiple lenses:
-equality
-inequality
-disparity and inequity
-equity
-social justice
equality and health equality
-everyone has access to the same resources (tools, assistance), regardless of their background or circumstance
-All people receives equal treatments with no consideration given to peoples different needs, advantages or disadvantages
health equality
-including physically active (health determinant)
Everyone is treated the same, having access to the same resources, tools and opportunities to a achieve positive health outcomes
health equality exists:
everyone must start from the same place
-assumes everyone benefits form the same approaches (regardless of their background or circumstances)
e.g. income and social status, education and literacy, access to health care, race, culture, gender ect.
physical activity examples of equality approaches ?
English language brochures about leisure centres to all residents, but who might not benefit from this approach?
-different first language, low income, transgender, identity, disability, low reading literacy
equality is the
inequality is an
action
outcome
inequality (concerned with an outcome)
exists when
what is it
exists when: qualitative differences between different population groups (age, sex) when looking fat outcome x
-inequality is a dimensional description (more vs. less) when quantities are unequal
-no moral/ethical judgement is made about the reasons why groups differ eg. No consideration abut wether the outcome is unjust, unfair and avoidable/preventable
health inequality -Differences in health outcomes and/or heath determinates (PA) between population groups
groups: social, economic, geographic, demographic
-includes any measurable/quantifiable aspect of health that varies across population groups
-difference in age with no judgement as to why= health inequality
-judgement free
-what if we question and identify he reason(s) for a heath inequality across different groups?
reasons: non-modifiable and/o risk factors, including individual factors and/or those that are unjust, unfair and unavoidable
non-modifiable: examples in health or physical activity (cannot change) ?
age, genetics. sex, race or ethnic background
modifiable examples in health or physical activity?
motivation, confidence, individuals choices about health behaviours
psychosocial factors( attitudes, knowledge, self-efficacy)
unjust, unfair and avoidable reasons due to social determinants of health (and physical activity) such as:
- Discrimination and social exclusion (race, age, gender, identity, sexual orientation ect.)
-education and literacy skills
-Income and employment status
-health care access
-violence, housing, food security
WHO: these account for 30-55% of health outcomes
when is a health inequality a health disparity
when modifiable factors are unjust, unfair, and unavoidable: health inequality is called a health disparity
-disparity is produced due to/caused by health inequity(yes)
-systematically experienced social, economic or environmental obstacles to health and health determinantes
health disparity and health inequity
Most health disparities affect marginalized groups because of their ______________ or some combination of these (intersectionality)
income, social class, race, sexual orientation, gender identity, geographical location ect.
people in marginalized groups: experience worse health and tend to have less access to oppprotunities that support improved health
addressing health inequality
-all people have a right to heathen Canada
but how can this be accomplished?
-to address the inequalities and change the related disparity so group differences no longer existed, tow related solutions:
-equity and social injustice
equity
means giving everyone the support they need based on their specific background and circumstance
health equity
reducing and ultimately eliminating health disparity (outcome)
pursue health for all with particular attention to the unique needs of those most at risk for poor health (marginalized groups)
Seek to create equal opportunities but through approaches tailored to marginalized groups
achieving equity requires
addressing and eliminating health inequity as well as creating that does not produce inequality
(More specifically, the disparity)
social justice
removing systemic and discriminatory obstacles to equal access to health, including health determinants
fix the system= to remove obstacles completely
system=Interconnected relationships between individuals, groups and institutions with shared behaviours, norms and values that combine to form society
obstacles are engrained in our society; thinking, practices and action
underlying principle
all people have the right for equal access to health, wealth and well being privileges and opportunities
requires equitable approaches
-human rights
access
participation
health inequality
is a quantitative difference in health or health determinants
-no moral/ethical judgement is made
-will always occur (age, genetics)
health disparity
is an inequality that arises from unjust, unfair, and avoidable health inequities
-affects marginalized groups
-inequities are avoidable
equality
promotes fairness and justice by giving everyone the same resources, tools, and opportunities
-will only work if everyone starts at the same place
-ineffective at present: systemic injustices that are unfair, unjust, and avoidable require specific tailored approaches
equity
equity is actual fairness
-people get access to the same opportunities by providing them with the support they need based on specific needs (background, circumstance)
-addresses social determinants of health that produce the inequity and end goal is to eliminate/reduce health disparity
-correct for oppression, helps to break down unjust system
-if there is no reason it is just the outcome
