Module 3 Flashcards
determinants of health
range of personal, social, economic and environmental factors that influence health status (including how active we are)
-within the broader domain of determinants of health (also termed social and physical determinants of health)
social determinants of health and physical activity
goal
is to create social and physical environments that promote physical activity and health for all.
All people deserve an equal opportunity to make choices that lead to health, including the opportunity to be active
our health and opportunities to be active are determine in part by:
-money, power, and resources on international , national and local levels
-access to social and economic opportunities to lead fulfilling and productive lives in a way on values
-resources and supports available in out homes, schools, workplaces, neighbourhoods and communities
-quality of schooling
-nature of our social interactions and relationships
social determinants of health
Conditions in the social and physical environments in which we are born, grow, live, learn, work and age
that affect a wide range of health, functioning and quality of life outcomes
social determinants are separated into two categories
- risk factors- negative social determinants
- protective factors- positive social determinants
properties of social determinants:
1. can be negative or protective
ex. high crime lower physical activity (negative)
while low crime predict higher activity (is protective
properties of social determinants:
2. can exist at multiple levels
-individual (e.g., I am a minority relative to my race and gender identity and I experience
discrimination).
- Local community (e.g., high crime neighbourhood).
-Societal (e.g., unemployment is high)
properties of social determinants
3. can add up/be cumulative
Often “this goes with that” for those most disadvantaged (e.g., physically activity ↓ and
health problems ↑ amongst unemployed, poor, women.
social determinants- palce
Place” includes the material attributes/settings in which we live and conduct our lives (e.g.,
school, workplace, health care, neighbourhood/community).
In addition, our patterns of social interactions and sense of security are also taken into
account in these “places”.
Understanding how population groups experience “place” and the impact of “place” on
health and physical activity opportunities is fundamental to the social determinants of health and PA
Groups that are most detrimentally(negatively) impacted need our attention
social determinants of physical activity
KIN 232, Social determinants of PA: = Factors in social and physical environments (in which we
are born, grow, live, learn, work, and age)
examples of social determinants-general
Access to job opportunities (ties to income)
Availability of community-based opportunities to be active
Social support
Social norms and attitudes (e.g., discrimination, racism)
Socioeconomic conditions (e.g., concentrated poverty)
Exposure to crime
Access to mass media and emerging technologies
examples of physical determinants- general
Natural environment, like mountains
Built environment (e.g., bike lanes, parks)
Worksite, school, and community recreation settings
Community design (e.g., mixed land use)
Physical barriers, especially for people with disabilities
By improving the conditions in which we are born, grow, live, work, and age, and the quality
of our social relationships, we will create a healthier population and society.
what is social inequality?
describes the unequal distribution of valued resources, rewards and positions in society
social differentiation
Social characteristics – social identities, and roles are used to differentiate and divide people
into different categories, which have implications for social inequality
e.g., social categories of class, occupation, gender, race
When social categories lead to differences in opportunities and some groups have more
access to resources then social differentiation becomes the basis of social inequality.
physical activity examples
does where I can afford to live based on my social class (income, education, occupation) make PA opportunities more or less available compared to others
availability and accessibility of PA resources
urpose Determine the availability of physical activity resources within a small
midwestern city.
Purpose To examine the relationship between physical activity resources and social class.
Method
Identified PA resources (schools, parks, fitness centers, running paths, dance studios).
Divided the city into census tracts
o High social class/SES 4; population = 20 000
o Low social class/SES 6; population = 16 000
Results
1) Number of PA resources:
High social class/SES =7
Low social class/SES = 4
2) Percentage that were pay facilities:
High social class/SES = 25%
Low social class/SES = 40%
Conclusion
City planning favors areas of high social class/SES provide more free PA resources
these poepal need free resources the least yet they are provided with the most opportunities to be active
Practical application city planners to build free PA resources in ALL neighbourhoods.
With particularly more built in low social class/SES neighbourhoods that are disadvantaged
Action: Reflect on and write down examples in your life, based upon a category that you
identify with, that has resulted in MORE or LESS opportunities to be physically active
social stratification
= institutionalized system of social inequality.
Institutionalized = embedded in society
those in the highest strata get the mot resources and opportunities vs. those in the lowest strata get the least (unequal distribution)
based on factors like wealth, income, power and social status
in Canada, dominat ideology is that
everyone has an equal opportunity to be successful
called equality of opportunity
dominant ideology
a set of common values, beliefs, or ideas shared by most people in a
given society, resulting in norms.
Frames how most people think about a range of topics (e.g., politics, economics, science,
physical activity) and influences their behaviour.
By providing equality of opportunities, differences in outcomes between people are due to
individual merit/how hard they work (meritocracy) and natural talent.
no person is held back or discriminated against because of their social strata
thus people have the same chances at succeeding in life (economically and socially through PA activities
contrast equality of opportunity with equality of condition =
everyone in society has similar level of wealth, status and power
In Canadian society, equality of condition does not exist.
Social determinants mark out the “haves” from the “have nots”.
“haves”
(higher social strata) : more access to resources and opportunities (privilege)
Inequalities of condition: individuals have differing levels of wealth, status and power (unequal distribution, social stratification)
Equality of opportunity exists when people have ____________ access to resources and
opportunities in a society.
Function of equal access to education, elimination of discrimination (e.g., racism, classism,
sexism, homophobia, transphobia) and meritocracy
same
(this does not exist in Canadian society
meritocracy (myth)
belief tat everyone has the same chance of succeeding in life, if they cultivate the required abilities and work hard enough
Success is not dependent on social detriments, but on individual merits (including how hard ones works/puts in effort and their talent and abilities)
individuals are rewarded based on their efforts an abilities
tied to the societal belief in rugged individualism
