Module 4

Question 1

also referred to as
tools and aids, includes both print and nonprint
media that are intended to supplement, rather than
replace, actual teaching. The selection and
development of materials used for teaching form a
complex component of the educational process, yet
the means by which information is communicated to
the learner is often not considered in depth (Weston &
Cranston, 1986).

Answer 1

instructional materials

Question 2

CHOOSING INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Answer 2

1. Characteristics of the learner.
2. Characteristics of the media.

Question 3

THE THREE MAJOR COMPONENTS OF INSTRUCTIONALMATERIALS

Answer 3

1.Delivery System
2.Content
3.Presentation
- Realia
- Illusionary Representations
- Symbolic Representations

Question 4

TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS

Answer 4

1. Written Materials
2. Commercially Prepared Materials
3. Self-Composed Materials
4. Demonstration Materials
5. Audiovisual Materials
6. Projected Learning Resources
7. Audio Learning Resources
8. Video Learning Resources
9. Telecommunications Learning Resources
   10.Computer Learning Resources

Question 5

TYPES OF INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS

lecture, group discussion,
one-to-one instruction, demonstration, and return
demonstration. These methods tend to have more
teacher input and control during encounters with the
learner than do the less traditional formats, which
include gaming, simulation, role-playing, role-modeling, self-instruction activities, computer-assisted
instruction, and distance learning.

Answer 5

traditional methods

Question 6

teachers act more as
designers and facilitators than as verbal presenters and
givers of information

Answer 6

nontraditional approaches

Question 7

INCREASING EFFECTIVENESS OF
TEACHING

Answer 7

1.Present information enthusiastically.
2.Include humor.
3.Exhibit risk-taking behavior.
4.Deliver material dramatically.
5.Choose problem-solving activities.
6.Serve as a role model.
7.Use anecdotes and examples.
8.Use technology

Question 8

General Principles for All Teachers

Answer 8

1.Give positive reinforcement
2.Project an attitude of acceptance and sensitivity.
3.Be organized and give direction.
4.Elicit and give feedback.
5.Use questions.
6.Know your audience.
7.Use repetition and pacing.
8.Summarize important points

Question 9

are those teaching aids
that give information and instruction about health
specifically directed to a clearly defined group or
audience.

Answer 9

Health learning materials

Question 10

The health learning materials that can be used in health education and promotion are usually
broadly classified into four categories:

Answer 10

printed materials,
visual materials,
audio and audio-visual materials

Question 11

can be used as a
medium in their own right or as support for other kinds
of media. Some printed health learning materials that
you will already be familiar with include posters,
leaflets and flip charts.

Answer 11

PRINTED MATERIALS

Question 12

PRINTED MATERIALS

• consists of pictures or symbols and words, it
  communicates health messages both to literate and
  illiterate people. It has high value to communicate
  messages to illiterate people because it can serve as
  a visual aid.

Answer 12

Posters

Question 13

to reinforce or remind people
of a message received through other channels, and to give
information and advice — for example to advise people to
learn more about malaria. They also function to give
directions and instructions for actions, such as a poster
about practical malaria prevention methods. Posters can
also serve to announce important events and programs
such as World Malaria Day.

Answer 13

Posters

Question 14

explain, enhance, and
emphasize key points of your health messages.
They allow the audience to see your ideas in
pictures and words.

Answer 14

Posters

Question 15

are useful to present several steps or aspects that are relevant to a central topic, such as,
demonstration of the proper use of mosquito nets or
how HIV is transmitted.

Answer 15

Flip charts

Question 16

are the most common way of using print
media in health education. They can be a useful
reinforcement for individual and group sessions and
serve as a reminder of the main points that you have
made. They are also helpful for sensitive subjects such
as sexual health education. When people are too shy to
ask for advice they can pick up a leaflet and read it
privately

Answer 16

Leaflets

Question 17

In terms of content, they are
best when they are brief, written in simple words and
understandable language. A relevant address should
be included at the back to indicate where people can
get further information.

Answer 17

Leaflets

Question 18

are one of the strongest methods of communicating messages, especially where literacy is
low amongst the population. They are good when they
are accompanied with interactive methods. It is said
that a picture tells a thousand words. Real objects,
audio and video do the same. They are immediate and
powerful and people can play with them

Answer 18

Visual Materials

Question 19

includes anything heard such as the spoken word, a health talk or music. Radio and audio
cassettes are good examples of audio aids. As the
name implies, audio-visual materials combine both
seeing and listening.

Answer 19

AUDIO AND AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIAL

Question 20

These materials include TV, films or videos which provide a
wide range of interest and can convey messages with high
motivational appeal. They are good when they are
accompanied with interactive methods.

Answer 20

AUDIO AND AUDIO-VISUAL MATERIAL

Question 21

can arouse interest if
they are of high quality and provide a clear mental picture
of the message. They may also speed up and enhance
understanding or stimulate active thinking and learning and
help develop memory

Answer 21

Audio-visual health learning materials