Module 4

Question 1

Presumptive (Subjective) Signs of Pregnancy

Answer 1

Signs that the mother will notice first
- Breast changes
-Nausea and Vomiting
- Amenorrhea
- Fatigue

Question 2

Probable (Objective) Signs of Pregnancy

Answer 2

The doctor will notice
- Serum lab tests
-Chadwick’s sign (purple vagina due to increases blow flow)
- Goodell’s sign (softening of cervix)
- Hegar’s sign
- Fetal outline by examiner
- Ballottement

Question 3

Positive (Diagnostic) Signs of Pregnancy

Answer 3

Definitive
- Fetal heart audible
- Fetal movement palpable
-Visualization of the fetus by ultrasound

Question 4

Determining Due Date

Answer 4

Nagele’s Rule
- First day of last menstrual period, subtract 3 months, then add 7 days
McDonald’s Rule
- LOOK UP

Question 5

Gravida

Answer 5

of pregnancies

Question 6

Nullgravida

Answer 6

Never been pregnant

Question 7

Primigravida

Answer 7

Pregnant for the first time

Question 8

Multigravida

Answer 8

A woman in her second or any other pregnancy

Question 9

Para

Answer 9

of pregnancy beyond 20 weeks that was deleivered

Question 10

Nullipara

Answer 10

A woman who has not completed a pregnancy w/ a fetus who has reached the stage of fetal viability

Question 11

Primipara

Answer 11

A woman who has completed 1 pregnancy w/ a fetus who has reached the stage of fetal viability

Question 12

Multipara

Answer 12

A woman who has had two or more births at more than 20 weeks gestation

Question 13

Postterm birth

Answer 13

Birth of an infant after 42 weeks of gestation

Question 14

Preterm birth

Answer 14

An infant who is born after 20 weeks of gestation but before completion of 37 weeks

Question 15

Term

Answer 15

Used to describe an infant who is born between 38-42 weeks gestation

Question 16

Viability

Answer 16

Capacity to live outside the uterus; approximately 22-24 weeks since last menstrual period

Question 17

The First Prenatal Exam

Answer 17

Full physical
Pelvic and Abdominal exam
Auscultation of fetal heart rate
Labs
-Blood type and Rh status
- HIV
- Rubella Titer
-Syphilis
- CBC
-Hep B Screen
- Pap test
- Urinalysis, culture
-Cultures for STI’s
- TB Test

Question 18

Warning Signs

Answer 18

1. Gush of fluid from the vagina (rupture of amniotic fluid) prior to 37 weeks
2. Vagnial bleeding (problems with placenta… abruption)
3. Abdominal pain (Preterm labor, abrupt placenta, ectopic pregnancy)
4. Change in fetal activity (decreased movement may indicate distress)
5. Persistent vomiting (hyperemesis gravidarum)
6. Severe headaches (pregnancy- induced hypertension)
7. Elevated temperature (infection)
8. UTI
9. Blurred vision (Pregnancy- induced hypertension)
10. Edema of the face and hands (Pregnancy- induced hypertension)
11. Epigastric pain (Pregnancy- induced hypertension)
12. Concurrent occurrence of flushed dry skin, fruity breath, rapid breathing, increased thirst & urination, and headaches (hyperglycemia)
13. Concurrent occurrence of clammy pale skin, weakness, tremors, irritability, and lightheadedness (hypoglycemia).

Question 19

Folic Acid

Answer 19

Needed during pregnancy
Helps prevent NTD
Need 400-600mcg/day

Question 20

Neural Tube Defects (NTD)

Answer 20

Neural tube doesn’t form correctly and the baby’s brain or spine is damaged

Happens within the first few weeks of pregnancy often before a woman knows she is pregnant

Question 21

Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)

Answer 21

Either a catheter or needle is used in this test in order to biopsy cells from the placenta that are taken from the same fertilized egg as the fetus is. Diagnostic procedure
- 10-12 weeks of gestation
- Risk of fetal limb reduction if done prior to 9 weeks
- Risk of spontaneous abortion
-Cannot detect NTD

Question 22

Amniocentesis

Answer 22

Testing for chromosomal abnormalities using a sample of fluid (amniotic fluid) that surrounds the fetus. Diagnostic Procedure. RhoGam shot may be given before this.
- 15-20 weeks
Used in the 3rd trimester to determine fetal lung maturity when the doctors are considering delivering the fetus prior to 38 weeks.

Question 23

Non-Stress Test

Answer 23

Accelerations in response to fetal movement
- 2 or more accelerations in 20 mins
- > 15 bpm above baseline
- lasting > 15 seconds
- Non Reactive is NOT GOOD