Module 4 Flashcards
Portrait of Rosa Bonheur, 1857
Edouard-Louis Dubufe
Rosa as an Animaleure.
Great highland Bull.
In the way of males, I like only the bulls I paint.
Issued to Rosa giving her permission to wear pants in public. For reasons of health. Offical permission about 1853. For the facilitation of her work. Needed to study anatomy at the slaughterhouse, and at faires.
Police certificate issued to Rosa Bonheur, 1857
In constant search for models, she brought animals into her space, half studio, and half barn. This is a black and white sketch of her studio.
Rosa Bonheur Studio, rue de l’Ouest, Paris, c. 1849
Ploughing in the Nivernais, 1849
Rosa Bonheur
Gold medal, purchased for the Louvre
Cattle and men in ordinary work.
George Sand’s The Devil’s Pool was of inspiration.
Noble subjects that of simple, nature, good, where you’ll find the truth in peasants. Art of tracing the burrows of those who feed humanity.
The Horse Fair, 1853
Rosa Bonheur Salon of 1853 18 months to paint 8' X 16' largest ever Lithographic prints made Awards won, giving her freedom to show what she wanted going forward Parthenon Freize, interpret. Bordeaux. Asked 12K francs. London Dealer, purchased for 40K francs. Alexander Stweart purchased for 286K. Vanderbilt for 53K Donated to the Met. Greatest animal picture. 1855 was her last salon.
Colonel William F. Cody, 1889
Rosa Bonheur
Buffalo Bill Historical Center in Cody WY.
An engraving showing Bonheurs studio depicting a special event in June 1865. “Genious has no sex”.
Engraving of the Empress Eugenie visiting Rosa Bonheur’s atelier, June 1865
In the Washhouse, 1888
Anna Klumpke
American painter
Peasant theme.
Bonheur’s companion in later years helped establish her memoirs.
Klemke stayed for 30 years at the Chateau.
Rosa Bonheur, 1898
Anna Klumpke
Presented both a person and her profession.
Portrait Daparait.
Rosa wears the Legion Medal of Honor.
Her Breton costume, with her painting, supplied and painting a bull.
Rosa Bonheur Monument, Fontainebleau, dedicated 1901
Designed by her brother, Isidore Bonheur
Reliefs showing her most famous paintings - the horse fair and Ploughing in the Nivernais. And a giant bull on top. It no longer exists since WW2.
He was an artist and art critic of the time, this is his self portrait.
John Ruskin, Self-Portrait, 1873
This portrait is of a woman, important PRB Circle who modeled, you can see her red hair everywhere.
She looks haggard and somber in this self-portrait. Ruskin advised her, gave her financial support and purchased her drawings. Died of an opium overdose.
Elizabeth Siddal, Self-Portrait, 1853-4
Lady Clare, 1858
Elizabeth Siddal
Medieval themes
Inspired by Alfred Lord Tennyson. Themes of Gender and Class. Alice is being shielded by Lady Clare for her humble origins.
Jane Morris Jewel Casket, 1860-61
Elizabeth Siddal
Her only 3D object. Arts and Crafts Movement. For Jane Morris. Married to Arts and Crafts leader, James Moris.
Poems, Christine de Pizzan.
Study of Rock, Moss & Ivy, 1885
Kate Greenaway
Greenway: Illustrator of children’s book, Under the Window 1878. agreeable view of child world. Influenced by Ruskin. Accurate and close observation.
Calendar, 1884
Kate Greenaway
English/Victorian
Charming melancholy, victorian attitudes, influenced children fashion.
Tale of Peter Rabbit, 1902
Beatrix Potter
Land conservation, sheep conservation, illustrator and author. ideal world, isolated from modern life. Anti-modern tendencies.
South Country Cottage
Helen Allingham
Anti-modern tendencies.
Country life, untouched by industrialization.
Comfortable, sentimental.
Like this one of a woman and her child outside a cottage. She’s friends with Greenway.
Designed by Charles Rennie Mackintosh. Light, airy, modern, old chinaware, lighter than victorian.
Ladies Luncheon Room, Miss Cranston’s Tea Rooms, 1903, Glasgow, Scotland
May Queen panels, Ladies’ Luncheon Room, Miss Cranston’s Tea Rooms, 1903, Glasgow, Scotland
Margaret MacDonald Mackintosh
Glasgow school of art. Scottish arts and crafts with an art nouveau look.
Lycopodium Flagellatum (algae), c. 1840-59
Anna Atkins
John F.W. Herschel, 1867
Julia Margaret Cameron
Portrait.
She had an 11-year career 1864-1875
Alfred, Lord Tennyson, “The Dirty Monk,” 1865
Julia Margaret Cameron
Looks like a biblical elder.
The Whisper of the Muse (George F. Watts & Children), 1865
Julia Margaret Cameron
Encourager of her and her art. (watts). This print is owned by V&A. His musical muse whispers to him. V&A shows her work during her lifetime. She takes advantage of the copywriter law.
Ophelia, 1867
Julia Margaret Cameron
Parallel the PRB - same literary subjects.
Contemporary of Cameron. This is a photo she took of her daughters on the terrace of her Kensington home. Known for her theatrical imagery.
Clementina, Lady Hawarden, Her Daughters on the Terrace, 5 Princes Gardens, 1863-4
Scottish woman settled in London. 800pics at the V&A. 1863-65. Kensington house studio. Silver medal. Lewis Caroll.
Feeding the Swans, 1889
Edith Hayllar
Victorian.
Middle class family.
Well run household.
Human pairings represent stages of life.
The Governess, 1854
Rebecca Solomon
Victorian.
50-74 exhibited work.
Portrays few respectable jobs for women. 25000 governesses, bronte, jane eyre. portrays listless child. She is silent.
Nameless and Friendless, 1857
Emily Mary Osborn
Victorian.
Emily shows at the academy in 1851 + the next 30 years. Best known work. Genre scene purchased by Queen Victoria Woman making their own living, poor, victim of the art market. Heroism, indignities.
The Seamstress, 1854
Anna Blunden
Victorian age. PR. British.
She reads John Ruskin and abandons her post as governess. In the seamstress, she is out working, a martyr of the tireless clothing trade.
Calling the Roll after an Engagement in Crimea (The Roll Call), 1874
Elizabeth Thompson Butler
British
Miltary subjects, feeling into faces of men, a sensation at the royal academy. hung in a place of honor. Had a huge reception. She retaining copyright. Paid for by Charles Gallaway. private viewing by Victoria.
Avid traveling, from Hastings England she circles the globe twice. Produces Britain’s finest Botanical artwork. This building in her name is constructed of 246 different types of wood, the only permanent solo exhibition by a woman artist in England.
Marianne North Gallery, Kew Gardens, 1882, Exterior
A botanical taxonomy of the British Empire. Hung above the gallery entrance of Victoria’s water lily.
Marianne North Gallery Kew Gardens, 1882, Interior
Nepenthes Northiana, c. 1876
Marianne North
Named after her
Records large pitcher plant
Borneo. Visited Cameron, who shot her portraits.
Munstead Wood, Surrey, 1896, watercolor plan of house and gardens
Gertrude Jekyll
Talented painter & Landscape design. Munstead is a preserved garden at her house.
Munstead Wood, Surrey, 1896, A June Border of Lupine and Iris
Gertrude Jekyll
Hordocultural impressionost. She wrote quite a lot about her gardens.
Art Students and Copyists in the Louvre, Harper’s Weekly, 11 January 1868
Winslow Homer
Shows a crowded gallery full of artist making copies of famous work.
Bouguereau’s Atelier at the Julian Academy, 1891
Jefferson David Chalfant
The Shepherd David Triumphant, 1895
Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau
American
First American to exhibit at Salon, and won a medal. 1895 Salon, successful. A good representation of an Acedemic painting.
Fisher Girl of Picardy, 1889
Elizabeth Nourse American Peasant subject. Academy Julien. 1888 salon showing. Exhibited American Women's art association.
In the Church at Volendam, 1892
Elizabeth Nourse
visited Holland for this painting.
Strong competition.
Mother and Daughter: The Whole of Life, 1894
Marcia Oakes Woodbury
visited HOlland for this. Studied with Charles Woodbury.
Same individual but at various stages of life. Tradition.
In the Studio, 1881
Marie Bashkirtseff Russian in Paris. Julien Records women art students Not a male nude, this was a child
A Meeting, 1884
Marie Bashkirtseff
Acclaimed at the salon.
Genre scene. Working-class.
She writes about women’s lack of freedom/liberty impacting her ability to be an artist. Fear of being forgotten. Avid journalist. Published.
Auguste Rodin, 1892
Camille Claudel
French artist.
Paris.
Rented studio, relationship with Rodin.
The Gossips, 1897
Camille Claudel
French
Onix bronze marble
She was committed and remained institutionalized
This is her self-portrait. She was Parisian, connected to the impressionist circle. 1865 salon debut. Éduard Manet painted her a lot.
Berthe Morisot, Self-Portrait, 1885
Impressionist
Mother and Sister of the Artist, 1870
Berthe Morisot
Impressionist
Seated in the living room, sister Edma is pregnant. Manet changed it.
The Little Servant (In the Dining Room), 1885-89
Berthe Morisot
Impressionist.
Sketchy style.
The Sisters, 1869
Berthe Morisot
Similar look, double image, female space. Domestic spaces, isolated.
Box at the Italian Theatre, 1874
Eva Gonzalès
Impressionist
French/Spanish Flemish
Maner influence and painted her. Pupil. Signed with his name.
Spanish art influence. Sister and future husband.
This self-portrait is from an American woman who studies there and in Paris. She sends her work home one of the first impressionist artworks to be seen there, informs collectors of the movement and what to buy (Degas). Influenced by Degas. Only American to exhibit with original impressionist group.
Mary Cassatt, Self-Portrait, 1878
Asymmetrical, sage background influence by Degas.
Mary Cassatt in the Paintings Gallery at the Louvre, 1879-80
Edgar Degas
They had a shared sensibility. Realist. Human Figure. Modern life. Educated. Peers. Good friends and collaborators.
She’s at the Louvre here. From behind. She’s absorbed by art.
Mary Cassatt’s Mother Reading Le Figaro, 1878
Mary Cassatt
Strong women, relatives. Mother is constant subject.
The Child’s Bath, 1893
Mary Cassatt,
Women carrying for children common subject. Observation and not idealization. The sexual division of labor. Modern approaches to motherhood and hygiene. Masterwork. Unconventional, cropped forms, bold patterns, and flat perspective. Japan woodblock print influence. We observe but do not participate.
A Woman and Child Driving, 1879
Mary Cassatt
Modern subject matter.
Odd viewpoints, blurred are markers of Cassatt.
Daily life. Asymmetrical. Degas influence. Women driving uncommon.
The Loge, c. 1878-1880
Mary Cassatt
Self-conscious. And emotionally distant. Organized pattern.
The Letter, 1891
Mary Cassatt
The Japanese exhibition inspired etchings. This is one of her series. Private realm of women. Correspondence is a large part of the day.
Haystacks, Giverny, 1896
Lilla Cabot Perry
America.
Summers at Giverny.
Personal relationship. with Monet. Fidelity to nature.
The common scene that was also painted by Monet.
Louisine Havemeyer, 1896
Mary Cassatt
Collectors of impressionist art and friends of Cassatt. Fellow feminist.
Isabella Stewart Gardner, 1888
John Singer Sargent
She is an American Art collector.
Founded a museum in her name.
A painter or sculptor who specializes in realistic portrayals of animals.
Animalier
A lifelong companion to Bonheur.
Natalie Micas
She is a French painter, taught by her father to study nature, she came from an artist family. Animaleaure. She painted between 1855-1870 during the era of Napolean III. She made her salon debut in 1841.
Rosa Bonheur
Wrote The Devil’s Pool to which inspired Bonheur in her choosing what she calls her most noble subjects.
George Sand
The second studio of Bonheur and had many exotic animals. Visited by Empress Eugenie when honoring Bonheur with the Medal of the Legion of Honor. Anna Klumke lived here for 30 yrs.
Château de By
Bonheur visits this exhibition in Paris and sees animals, native peoples, and Col Cody.
Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Show (Paris, 1889)
Bonheur was the first woman to be awarded this honor, given to her by the regent, Empress Eugenie.
Medal of the Legion of Honor
English, an important writer of art. He has a very restrictive view of a woman’s place, although he is a patron of many women artists and PRB.
John Ruskin
Established 1848
Elizabeth Sidel
Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB)
Painted the Annunciation
Engaged to Sidel
Dante Gabriel Rossetti
This painter was Rosa Bonheur’s companion later in life and is an American painter. Studied at the Academy Julien. She painted Rosa’s portrait as well as In The Washhouse.
Anna Klumke.
The impetus for this movement is William Morris. Arthurian scenes. Run parallel to PRB. Return to handmade objects. Anti-industrialization / modern leanings.
Arts And Crafts Movement
Fictional Character
Peter Rabbit
Designer of Ladies Luncheon Room, Miss Cranston’s Tea Rooms, 1903, Glasgow, Scotland
Charles Rennie Mackintosh
Where Lady Hawarden came from.
Glasgow, Scotland
Blueprint process, invented by John Hershel. Not suitable for portraits. Cheap, with no development.
Cyanotype
British Algae: Cyanotype Impressions, 1843-1853
Anna Atkins - English, Scientist, Photographer. First to publish with photographs. Inspired by scientific illustrations.
A photographic process, clear picture and negative. Messy. Mechanical. Rapid. Used by Julie Margaret Cameron.
Collodion
Julie Margaret Cameron lived here, a fashionable island off the southern coast of England. .
Isle of Wight
Named after the sailon (indian) estate, this was Julie Margaret Cameron’s home on the Isle of Wight.
Dimbola
Poet Laurette and friend and neighbor of Julie Margaret Cameron. Wrote Charge of the Light Brigade.
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
Astronomer. He was the inventor of the Cyanotype. First to use the terms photography and negative. Gave advice to Julie Margaret Cameron.
John Herschel
the first museum to show photographs; 1858: first museum to collect photographs
Victoria & Albert Museum: 1852
Noting an artist, architect, or the like, not competing or not qualified to compete for the prizes in an exhibit or competition.
Hors Concours (outside of competition)
Victorian
Era of Queen Victorian’s reigh.
Respectable job for women in the victorian era.
Governess
The first war to be extensively photographed, a poem by Tennyson, Roll Call by Butler.
Crimean War
Poem by Tennyson inspired by the Crimean War
Charge of the Light Brigade
Inspired Marianne North to paint botanicals. In England.
Kew Gardens
Inspired by the plants of Kew Gardens she travels the world to capture plants and paint them. New to science, some plants are named in her honor. Her work is showcased at a museum of her name at Kew Gardens.
Marianne North Gallery
Various ateliers, opened by graduates of the Ecole des Beaux-Arts. Women had to pay fees. Men did not.
Académie Julian
Year that Women admitted to the Ecole des Beaux-Arts
1897
10 women were accepted.
1903 women got to study nudes, later enter into competitions.
Was asked to open in 1877 a class at Julien for women. Successful artist. He married Gardner.
William-Adolphe Bouguereau
Larger-than-life personality. Sculptor and teacher, took the place of Boucher teaching Claudel.
Auguste Rodin
Artistic french movement late 19c. Cassatt, Perry (Americans) Gonzalez and Morisot. Leaders were Manet, Degas. The group showed together.
Impressionism
Impressionists played important role in women’s careers in this movement.
Éduard Manet
Impressionists played important role in women’s careers in this movement.
Edgar Degas
Giverny. Friends with Perry.
Claude Monet
Site of a major American art community. Clause Monet owned home here.
Giverny
This woman was an art collector, feminist, and philanthropist. Friends with the American cassatt.
Louisine Havemeyer
Participated in the old market in the US. She has an extensive collection.
Isabella Stewart Gardner
Her collection at a museum.
Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum 1903
Victorian painter, military subjects, Royal Academy, her career is changed by her marriage, motherhood, and move from London. She sees her sons go off to WWI.
Elizabeth Thomspon Butler
She American studied in Paris. Cooperative studio and hired models. First American to exhibit at Salon, and won a medal.
Elizabeth Gardner Bouguereau
