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BIOLECTURE > Module 3: Structures > Flashcards

Module 3: Structures Flashcards

1
Q

It contains the Phospholipid, Membrane proteins, Carbohydrate chain, cholesterol, membrane proteins.

A

Cell Membrane

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2
Q

Also known as cellular
membrane or plasma
membrane

A

Biological Membrane

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3
Q

The cell membrane______________ the
cell from the outside
environment.

A

Separates and protect

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4
Q

______________ from the cell membrane that
surrounds a cell.

A

Outermost envelope

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5
Q

Two layers of
phospholipids
arranged backto-
back which
covers the cell.

A

Lipid Bilayer

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6
Q

Cell takes in macromolecules by
forming vesicles from the plasma
membrane

A

Endocytosis

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7
Q

Transport vesicles migrate to the
membrane, fuse with it, and
release their contents outside the
cell

A

Exocytosis

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8
Q

Requires the input of energy from the cell.

A

Active Transport

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9
Q

Uses ATP and protein pumps to transport
molecules against the concentration
gradient (low to high concentrations).

A

Active Transport

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10
Q

Sodium-potassium pump
* Cell to cell communication (synapses)
* Action potentials
* Nervous system functions

A

Active Transport

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11
Q

Channel proteins have a hydrophilic
channel that certain molecules or ions can use as a tunnel.

A

Passive Transport

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12
Q

Channel proteins called aquaporins
facilitate the passage of water

A

Passive Transport

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13
Q

Carrier proteins bind to molecules and
change shape to shuttle them across the membrane.

A

Passive Transport

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14
Q

the control of
solute concentrations and water
balance, is a necessary adaptation for
life in such environments.

A

Osmoregulation

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15
Q

A protist, which is
hypertonic to its pond water
environment, has a contractile
vacuole that acts as a pump.

A

Paramecium,

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16
Q

is the ability of a surrounding solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water

A

Tonicity

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17
Q

Solute concentration is the same as that inside the cell; no net
water movement across the plasma membrane

A

Isotonic solution

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18
Q

Solute concentration (high to low) is greater than that inside
the cell; cell loses water

A

Hypertonic solution

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19
Q

Solute concentration is less than that inside the cell; cell
gains water

A

Hypotonic solution

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20
Q

Solute that moves from high to low concentrations

A

Diffusion

21
Q

Solvent moves from low to high concentrations

A

Osmosis

22
Q

Occurs without the input of cellular
energy. High concentration to low concentration

A

Passive Transport

23
Q
  1. Simple diffusion (i.e. oxygen).
  2. Facilitated diffusion
    * Channel mediated
    * Carrier Mediated
A

Passive Transport

24
Q

Transport of biomolecules does what? (Three answers)

A
  • Selectively permeable
  • Regulate what enters and
    exits the cell.
  • Facilitating the transport
    of materials needed for
    cell activities.
25
Q

Physically
separates the
intracellular
components of
the cells from
the extracellular
environment.

A

Protection of cells

26
Q

Bound either to proteins
(forming glycoproteins) or to
lipids (forming glycolipids).

Plays a key role in cell
recognition and
protection.

Found on the outside
surface of cells.

A

Carbohydrates

27
Q
  • Maintains the structural
    integrity of the cell.
  • Regulates the fluidity of cell
    membranes.
A

Cholesterol

28
Q
  • Extrinsic membrane protein
  • Loosely associated with the
    membrane surface.
  • Either on the extracellular or
    cytoplasmic surface.
  • Connected to the polar head
    of the lipid bilayer.
  • Hydrophilic in nature.
A

Peripheral Membrane Proteins

29
Q
  • Type of integral membrane protein.
  • The protein itself is not in contact
    with the membrane.
  • Anchored on the cell membrane
    through covalent binding to a lipid
    molecules.
  • i.e. glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol
    or GPI anchored proteins.
A

Lipid-Anchored Membrane Proteins

30
Q
  • Made by Singer and Nicolson in
    1972
  • No consistent pattern or
    arrangement; just like a mosaic
  • Cell membrane has proteins that are
    partially embedded
A

Fluid Mosaic Model

31
Q
  • Forms basic structure of
    membrane
  • Acts as barrier
A

Phospholipid Bilayer

32
Q
  • Manage passage of required
    molecules
  • Facilitate communication
    within cell’s environment
A

Membrane Proteins

33
Q

3 adaptations of cell membrane

A

Hot environment, Cold environment, Extremely salty environments

34
Q

(Cell membrane - cellular communication)
- Neurotransmitter-mediated
signaling
- Allow neurons to transmit
signals through chemicals

A

Chemical Synapses

35
Q

(Cell membrane - cellular communication)
Direct electrical coupling
- Allow neurons to transmit
signals through electricity

A

Electrical Synapses

36
Q
  • Intrinsic membrane protein
  • Permanently embedded in
    membrane
  • Connected to nonpolar head of lipid
    bilayer
  • Hydrophobic
  • ie. transmembrane and transport
    proteins
A

Integral Membrane Protein

37
Q

Where membranes of
neighboring cells are pressed
together, preventing leakage of
extracellular fluid.

A

tight junctions

38
Q

(anchoring
junctions) Junction that fasten cells together into
strong sheets

A

Desmosomes

39
Q

(communicating
junctions) Junctions that provide cytoplasmic
channels between adjacent cells

A

Gap junctions

40
Q

Neighboring cells in tissues,
organs, or organ systems often
adhere, interact, and communicate
through direct physical contact

A

Cell Junctions

41
Q

ECM is made up of _____ such as collagen, proteoglycans,
and fibronectin

A

glycoproteins

42
Q

ECM proteins bind to _______ in the plasma membrane called
integrins

A

receptor proteins

43
Q

Microtubules control the beating of _____ and ______ microtubule-containing extensions that
project from some cells

A

flagella and cilia

44
Q

are the thickest of the 3 components of the cytoskeleton

A

Microtubules

45
Q

(actin filaments) are the thinnest components

A

Microfilaments

46
Q

are fibers with diameters in a middle range

A

Intermediate filaments

47
Q

encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm

A

Nuclear envelope

48
Q

is a double
membrane; each membrane
consists of a lipid bilayer

A

Nuclear membrane

49
Q

is located within
the nucleus and is the site of
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis

A

nucleolus

BIOLECTURE (6 decks)

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