Module 2: Cell Structure and Function Flashcards
[Principles of Cell Theory]
As microscopes improve, scientists began
observing tiny structures in living organisms
Observations of Microscopic Structures
[Principles of Cell Theory]
numerous scientists experimented and
made discoveries related to cellular
structures and functions
Accumulation of Scientific Evidence
[Principles of Cell Theory]
progress in biological research, such as
cytology and embryology, provide insights of
similarities and differences of living
organisms at cellular level
Advancement in Biological Research
[Principles of Cell Theory]
cell theory provided unifying concept that
showed basic unit of structure and function
among living organisms
Need for a Unifying Concept
[Principles of Cell Theory]
cell theory offered framework for
understanding various life processes
Explanation of Life Processes
[Principles of Cell Theory]
cell theory refuted the concept of
spontaneous generation theory
Rejection of Spontaneous Generation
[Functional Organization of Cells - Structure]
Control Center & Contains the
Cell’s DNA
Nucleus
[Functional Organization of Cells - Structure]
Cell Shape
Cytoskeleton
[Functional Organization of Cells - Structure]
Organization of Microtubules
Centrioles
[Functional Organization of Cells - Structure]
Encompasses the cell
Cell or Plasma Membrane
[Functional Organization of Cells - Metabolism]
Powerhouse of the cell
Mitochondria
[Functional Organization of Cells - Metabolism]
Protein synthesis/lipid metabolism
“Roadways of the cell”
Endoplasmic Reticulum
[Functional Organization of Cells - Metabolism]
Protein Modification and Packaging
“Packaging house of cell of the cell”
Golgi Apparatus/Complex
[Functional Organization of Cells - Metabolism]
Digestive sac
“Garbage men”
“Police men”
Lysosome
- Membrane-free
organelles - Key microtubule
organizing hubs in
various eukaryotes - Consist of two
centrioles wrapped in
pericentriolar material - Crucial for sensing,
movement and
embryo development
Centrosomes
Responsible for
duplication during cell
division and
movement to
opposite pole
- Anchor spindle fibers
and aligning and
separate
chromosomes
- Organize
microtubules, acting
as cell’s skeletal
framework
- Contribute to
positioning nucleus
Centrioles
● Unicellular (single cell, divides
repeatedly)
● Unicellular only
● ie. Bacteria
Prokaryotic Cells
● Unicellular and Multicellular
● Eukaryotic unicellular or Eukaryotic
multicellular
● ie. protist, fungi, green algae, plant
and animal cells
Eukaryotic cells
[Types of Animal Cells]
- Form protective covering of organs
and surfaces within body - Specialized for absorption, secretion
and protection
Epithelial Cells
- Also known as myocytes
- Responsible for generating force
and movement in body - Three main types: Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
Muscle Cells
[Types of Animal Cells]
- Also called Neurons
- Specialized cells transmitting
electrical impulses and facilitate
communication in nervous system
- Consist of cell body: dendrites
(receive incoming signals) and axon
(transmit outgoing signals)
Nerve Cells
[Types of Animal Cells]
- Support, connect and protect various
structures in body
- ie. fibroblasts (produce collagen and
other extracellular components),
adipocytes (store fats), osteocytes
(seen in bone tissue)
Connective Tissue Cells
[Types of Animal Cells - Muscle Cells]
Allows Voluntary movement
Skeletal muscle cells
[Types of Animal Cells - Muscle Cells]
- Found in internal
organs/ blood vessels
- Involuntary
movement
Smooth muscle cells
[Types of Animal Cells - Muscle Cells]
- Found in hear
- Pumping blood
Cardiac muscle cells
Sperm cells in male and egg cells in
females
Reproductive Cells
[Types of Animal Cells - Blood Cells]
Transport oxygen
Red blood cells
[Types of Animal Cells - Blood Cells]
Involved in immune response
White blood cells
[Types of Animal Cells - Blood Cells]
Involved in blood
clotting
Platelets
[Cell Shape and Functions]
allow efficient contraction and
movement
Elongated shape of muscles cells
[Cell Shape and Functions]
maximize surface area to volume
ratio
Spherical shape of red blood cells
[Cell Shape and Functions]
increase surface
area for capturing and engulfing
pathogens
Irregularly shaped cells like
dendritic cells
[Cell Shape and Functions]
form protective barriers and
kinings in organs
Flattened Cells in epithelial
tissues
