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BIOLECTURE > Module 2: Cell Structure and Function > Flashcards

Module 2: Cell Structure and Function Flashcards

1
Q

[Principles of Cell Theory]
As microscopes improve, scientists began
observing tiny structures in living organisms

A

Observations of Microscopic Structures

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2
Q

[Principles of Cell Theory]
numerous scientists experimented and
made discoveries related to cellular
structures and functions

A

Accumulation of Scientific Evidence

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3
Q

[Principles of Cell Theory]
progress in biological research, such as
cytology and embryology, provide insights of
similarities and differences of living
organisms at cellular level

A

Advancement in Biological Research

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4
Q

[Principles of Cell Theory]
cell theory provided unifying concept that
showed basic unit of structure and function
among living organisms

A

Need for a Unifying Concept

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5
Q

[Principles of Cell Theory]
cell theory offered framework for
understanding various life processes

A

Explanation of Life Processes

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6
Q

[Principles of Cell Theory]
cell theory refuted the concept of
spontaneous generation theory

A

Rejection of Spontaneous Generation

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7
Q

[Functional Organization of Cells - Structure]
Control Center & Contains the
Cell’s DNA

A

Nucleus

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8
Q

[Functional Organization of Cells - Structure]
Cell Shape

A

Cytoskeleton

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9
Q

[Functional Organization of Cells - Structure]
Organization of Microtubules

A

Centrioles

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10
Q

[Functional Organization of Cells - Structure]
Encompasses the cell

A

Cell or Plasma Membrane

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11
Q

[Functional Organization of Cells - Metabolism]
Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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12
Q

[Functional Organization of Cells - Metabolism]
Protein synthesis/lipid metabolism
“Roadways of the cell”

A

Endoplasmic Reticulum

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13
Q

[Functional Organization of Cells - Metabolism]
Protein Modification and Packaging

“Packaging house of cell of the cell”

A

Golgi Apparatus/Complex

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14
Q

[Functional Organization of Cells - Metabolism]
Digestive sac
“Garbage men”
“Police men”

A

Lysosome

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15
Q
  • Membrane-free
    organelles
  • Key microtubule
    organizing hubs in
    various eukaryotes
  • Consist of two
    centrioles wrapped in
    pericentriolar material
  • Crucial for sensing,
    movement and
    embryo development
A

Centrosomes

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16
Q

Responsible for
duplication during cell
division and
movement to
opposite pole
- Anchor spindle fibers
and aligning and
separate
chromosomes
- Organize
microtubules, acting
as cell’s skeletal
framework
- Contribute to
positioning nucleus

A

Centrioles

17
Q

● Unicellular (single cell, divides
repeatedly)
● Unicellular only
● ie. Bacteria

A

Prokaryotic Cells

18
Q

● Unicellular and Multicellular
● Eukaryotic unicellular or Eukaryotic
multicellular
● ie. protist, fungi, green algae, plant
and animal cells

A

Eukaryotic cells

19
Q

[Types of Animal Cells]

  • Form protective covering of organs
    and surfaces within body
  • Specialized for absorption, secretion
    and protection
A

Epithelial Cells

20
Q
  • Also known as myocytes
  • Responsible for generating force
    and movement in body
  • Three main types: Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac
A

Muscle Cells

21
Q

[Types of Animal Cells]
- Also called Neurons
- Specialized cells transmitting
electrical impulses and facilitate
communication in nervous system
- Consist of cell body: dendrites
(receive incoming signals) and axon
(transmit outgoing signals)

A

Nerve Cells

22
Q

[Types of Animal Cells]
- Support, connect and protect various
structures in body
- ie. fibroblasts (produce collagen and
other extracellular components),
adipocytes (store fats), osteocytes
(seen in bone tissue)

A

Connective Tissue Cells

23
Q

[Types of Animal Cells - Muscle Cells]

Allows Voluntary movement

A

Skeletal muscle cells

24
Q

[Types of Animal Cells - Muscle Cells]
- Found in internal
organs/ blood vessels
- Involuntary
movement

A

Smooth muscle cells

25
Q

[Types of Animal Cells - Muscle Cells]
- Found in hear
- Pumping blood

A

Cardiac muscle cells

26
Q

Sperm cells in male and egg cells in
females

A

Reproductive Cells

27
Q

[Types of Animal Cells - Blood Cells]

Transport oxygen

A

Red blood cells

28
Q

[Types of Animal Cells - Blood Cells]
Involved in immune response

A

White blood cells

29
Q

[Types of Animal Cells - Blood Cells]
Involved in blood
clotting

A

Platelets

30
Q

[Cell Shape and Functions]
allow efficient contraction and
movement

A

Elongated shape of muscles cells

31
Q

[Cell Shape and Functions]
maximize surface area to volume
ratio

A

Spherical shape of red blood cells

32
Q

[Cell Shape and Functions]
increase surface
area for capturing and engulfing
pathogens

A

Irregularly shaped cells like
dendritic cells

33
Q

[Cell Shape and Functions]
form protective barriers and
kinings in organs

A

Flattened Cells in epithelial
tissues

BIOLECTURE (6 decks)

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