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EALS (Periodical) > Module 3 - NATURAL HAZARDS, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION > Flashcards

Module 3 - NATURAL HAZARDS, MITIGATION, AND ADAPTATION Flashcards

1
Q

Events that occurs as a part of the natural cycles of Earth and may cause damage to a community

A

Natural hazards

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2
Q

“characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or assets that makes of it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard.”

A

Vulnerability

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3
Q

Who defined Vulnerability

A

United Nations Office of Risk Reduction

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4
Q

3 geologic processes and hazard

A
  1. Earthquake
  2. Volcanic Eruptions
  3. Landslide
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5
Q

3 Sub-branches of earthquake

A
  • Ground shaking
  • Surface Faulting
  • Tsunamis
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6
Q

a principal cause of the total collapse of structures, is the vibration of the ground caused by seismic waves during an earthquake.

A

Ground shaking

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7
Q

is the offset or tearing of the ground by surface differential movement along a fault during an earthquake.

A

Surface faulting

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8
Q

Very high waves or seismic sea waves caused by the sudden movement of the ocean floor.

A

Tsunamis

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9
Q

3 Sub-branches of volcanic eruptions

A
  • Lahar and Floods
  • Lava flows and Domes
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10
Q

A _____ (or mudflow) is a flowing slurry of volcanic debris and water that originates on a volcano. The eruption of a snow covered volcano can melt snow to cause a lahar.

A

Lahar and Floods

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11
Q

Fluid lava forms long thin flows on slopes and flat topped lava in flat areas and topographic depressions, while viscous lava forms short stubby flows on slopes and steep sided domes around their vents.

A

Lava flows and Domes

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12
Q

Volcanic eruption may only be predicted a _____ or ______ before occurrence

A

Week or days

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13
Q

2 triggers of landslide

A

Rainfall-induced
Earthquake-induced

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14
Q

caused by heavy rains that can loosen soil and makes the foundations of the structures weak

A

Rainfall-induced

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15
Q

occurs during or after an earthquake due to gravity.

A

Earthquake induced

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16
Q

Earthquakes may either be a ________ or ________.

A

natural occurrence or man-made

17
Q

Things to do when Earthquake occur?

A

Drop
Cover
Hold

18
Q

What to do before an earthquake?

A

Make sure you have a fire extinguisher, first aid kit, a battery-powered radio, a flashlight, and extra batteries at home.

Learn first aid

Learn how to turn off the gas, water and electricity.

Make a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.

Don’t leave heavy objects on shelves (they’ll fall during an earthquake).

19
Q

What to do during an Earthquake?

A

Be careful of chimneys (they may fall on you).

Stay away from beaches. Tsunamis and seiches sometimes hit after the ground has stopped shaking.

Stay away from damaged areas.

If you’re at school or work, follow the emergency plan or the instructions of the person in charge.

Expect aftershocks.

20
Q

Managing Volcanic Eruptions

A

Take note of surroundings.

Gather all members of household.

Put together an emergency supply kit.

Put important things on containers etc. preventing from ash fall.

Follow instruction of local authorities.

21
Q

Volcanic activities is being watched by the?

A

Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PhilVolcs)

22
Q

Managing Landslides

A

Plant more trees.

Build channels for diversion of mudflow.

Put together an emergency supply kit.

23
Q

If landslides occur without warning:

A

Stay alert

Be attentive

Stay away from lower elevations or paths of debris.

Take shelter under sturdy table or structures.

24
Q

Table guide of PhilVolcs

A

Reduce the risk
> Public awareness, Planning laws, Evacuation Plans, Hazards and Risk Mapping

Prepare
> Public information, Volcano Monitoring, Delimit Safe, and Danger Zone

Manage the Eruption Affects
> Evacuation mobilize emergency, services, Medical Treatment, Public information, Danger zone enforced, Continuous review of review of eruption based monitoring
> Recovery and assessment of hazards management procedure

25
Q

Hazards caused by Hydrometeorological Phenomena

A
  • Tropical Cyclones
  • Monsoons
  • Tornado
26
Q

Facts about the Hydrometeorological Phenomena

A

Intertropical Convergence Zone is the area that encircles the Earth near the equator where trade winds meet.

The Philippines is in the Northern Hemisphere, near the equator.

PAGASA or Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services and Administration- the government agency that provides information on meteorological, astronomical and climatological activities in the Philippine territory.

27
Q

_____ (WHERE)
or _____
(WHERE) are storm system characterized by rapid spiraling storms, low-pressure center, and intensely strong winds. _____ can increase the Strength of winds, which may cause tropical depression (__-__ km/h), storm (__-__ km/h), a typhoon

A

Typhoons (Northwest Pacific) or hurricanes (Atlantic and Northeast region) are storm system characterized by rapid spiraling storms, low-pressure center, and intensely strong winds. Cyclones can increase the Strength of winds, which may cause tropical depression (45-62 km/h), storm (63-117 km/h), a typhoon

28
Q

2 types of Monsoons

A

Amihan
Habagat

29
Q

_____ or
_____ is characterized by cold gusty winds with little precipitation. It begins in early _____ - _____ or ______. Winds blow in the _____.

A

AMIHAN or NORTHEAST MONSOON is characterized by cold gusty winds with little precipitation. It begins in early SEPTEMBER - MAY or JUNE. Winds blow in the EAST.

30
Q

_____- or _____ is characterized by hot and humid atmosphere with frequent or heavy rainfall. It begins in ______ and Ends in ______ or _____. Winds blow in the ______.

A

HABAGAT or SOUTHWEST MONSOON is characterized by hot and humid atmosphere with frequent or heavy rainfall. It begins in JUNE and Ends in AUGUST or SEPTEMBER. Winds blow in the WEST.

31
Q

Locally known as ipo-ipo. It is a rapidly swirling condensation funnel whose narrow end comes in contact with the ground. It usually carries debris and other objects that can be picked up from the ground.

A

Tornado

32
Q

Tornadoes occur anywhere in an average number of __-__ times a year.

A

12-24

33
Q

Tornadoes are characterized

A
  • Storm
  • Debris
  • Fire
34
Q

_____ are transition places between land and sea. These areas are considered low-lying.

A

Coastal areas

35
Q

_____ is the wearing away of land and the removal of beach or dune sediments by wave action, tidal currents, wave currents, drainage or high winds

A

Coastal Erosion

36
Q

_____ is the sustainable cyclic portion of coastal erosion where coastal sediments move from the visible portion of a beach to the submerged near shore region, and later return to the original visible portion of the beach.

A

Submersion

37
Q

_____ is a rise in sea level that occurs during tropical cyclones, intense storms also known as typhoons or hurricanes.

A

Storm Surges

38
Q

_____ is the movement of _____ water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. _____ occurs naturally to some degree in most coastal aquifers, owing to the hydraulic connection between groundwater and seawater.

A

SALTWATER INTRUSION is the movement of SALINE water into freshwater aquifers, which can lead to contamination of drinking water sources and other consequences. SALTWATER INTRUSION occurs naturally to some degree in most coastal aquifers, owing to the hydraulic connection between groundwater and seawater.

39
Q

PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF MARINE AND COASTAL HAZARDS

A
  1. Prepare and emergency survival kit.
  2. Create an evacuation plan.
  3. Know where the evacuation center is and how to get there.
  4. Listen to news from any means.

EALS (Periodical) (4 decks)

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