Module 3: Lesson 1 - Teaching Methodologies Flashcards
Name 4 types of common teaching methodologies.
Behaviorilism: mechanical process of habit formation or rote learning.
Audiolingualism: language centered around speech and not writing.
The Natural Way: learning a second language in a similar way to a first language by creating opportunities for communication.
Humanistic: learning is naturalistic and engages the whole person, emotions and feelings.
Explain the deductive and inductive approaches.
Deductive:
- Traditional teaching method
- Rule, Example, Practice
- Rules given by teacher with examples
- Teacher is main source of learning
Inductive:
- Examples, Patterns, Rules
- Examples are given by the teacher
- Learner has to figure out the rules
- Teacher only acts as guide
List 3 pros and cons of the deductive teaching approach.
Pros:
- Easy to follow, low-stress environment.
- Make less mistakes.
- Less time consuming.
Cons:
- Less interaction and participation.
- Explanations less effective.
- Teacher responsible for student’s learning.
List pros and cons of inductive teaching approach.
Pros:
- Learners remember rules better.
- Active learner participation.
- Learner responsible for own learning.
Cons:
- Room for misinterpretation.
- Lesson can go off track if teacher doesn’t guide well.
- More planning needed (time consuming).
Historic teaching methodologies - name and explain 4.
The Grammar Translation (classic) Method (1840): translating grammar to learn a language. Reading and writing focus, not so much speaking and listening.
The Direct (natural) Method (1900): teaching foreign languages, refrains from using first language, aims to use target (second) language to learn.
The Audio-Lingual Method (1950): focus on grammatical and phonetical structure (speaking and listening). Reinforcement through positive and negative feedback.
The Communicative Method (1960): done most effectively through learners practicing through real-life communication.
List pros (2) and cons (5) of the Grammar Translation Method.
Pros:
- Gives solid foundation to language learning.
- Gives students better understanding of own language.
Cons:
- Can be formal and boring.
- No student-to-student interaction.
- No attention to individual needs or learning styles.
- Teacher-centered approach.
- Students only learn rules - demotivating.
List pros (3) and cons (2) for the Direct Method.
Pros:
- Students must speak.
- Student-to-student interaction.
- Positive for visual and kinesthetic learners.
Cons:
- Abstract ideas can be hard to teach.
- Difficulties may arise since written and spoken English can be very different.
List pros (4) and cons (2) for the Audio-Lingual Method.
Pros:
- Opportunity for trial and error.
- Learners given a clear model to copy.
- Good choice for auditory learners.
- Roleplays and dialogues more engaging.
Cons:
- Not best for visual learners.
- Students encouraged to ask questions and explore rules.
List pros (3) and cons (3) for the Communicative Method.
Pros:
- Encourages student-to-student interaction.
- Promotes natural language use.
- Elements of learner autonomy.
Cons:
- Activities in pairs (not great for 1:1)
- Tends to use difficult vocab which can be confusing.
- Assumes knowledge that is predominantly not language-specific.
Name and explain 6 other teaching methodologies from the 1970s onwards:
The Silent Way: the teacher communicates as little as possible, encouraging learners to speak as much as they can.
Total Physical Response (TPR): emphasizes the use of physical activity for increasing meaningful learning opportunities and language retention.
Suggestopedia: physical surroundings and atmosphere in making sure students are confident and comfortable. Consists of deciphering, concert session, elaboration.
Communicative Language Teaching (CLT): focused on meaning rather than individual components, student-centered, TTT 1:3 STTT.
Task-Based Learning (TBL): the use of authentic language to complete meaningful tasks in the target language.
The Lexical Approach: collocations and fixed phrases.
