Module 3 - Keywords

Question 1

Periodicity

Answer 1

Repeating trends in physical and chemical properties across periods

Question 2

S Block Element

Answer 2

An element with its highest energy electron in an s orbital

Question 3

P Block Element

Answer 3

An element with its highest energy electron in a p orbital

Question 4

D Block Element

Answer 4

An element with its highest energy electron in a d orbital

Question 5

First Ionisation Energy

Answer 5

Energy required to remove 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous atoms to form 1 mol of 1+ ions

Question 6

Second Ionisation Energy

Answer 6

Energy required to remove 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous 1+ ions to form 1 mol of 2+ ions

Question 7

Successive Ionisation Energies

Answer 7

Energy required to remove each subsequent 1 mol of electrons from 1 mol of gaseous ions

Question 8

Nuclear Charge

Answer 8

The positive charge found in the nucleus of every atom

Question 9

Metallic Bonding

Answer 9

Strong electrostatic between cations and delocalised electrons

Question 10

Giant Covalent Lattices

Answer 10

Networks of atoms bonded by strong covalent bonds

Question 11

Diatomic

Answer 11

Molecule containing 2 atoms

Question 12

Disproportionation

Answer 12

Oxidation and reduction of the same element

Question 13

Bleach

Answer 13

Formed by the reaction of chlorine with cold, dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide

Question 14

Precipitate

Answer 14

A solid that forms on reactions of solutions

Question 15

Halide

Answer 15

A compound containing an element from group 17 (halogens)

Question 16

Exothermic

Answer 16

Where the products have less energy than the reactants. Energy is given out to the surroundings (temp goes up). ∆H, is negative. Bond making

Question 17

Endothermic

Answer 17

Where the products have more energy than the reactants. Energy is taken in from the surroundings (temperature goes down) . ∆H, is positive. Bond breaking

Question 18

Activation energy

Answer 18

the minimum energy which must be available to a chemical system with potential reactants to result in a chemical reaction

Question 19

Standard conditions

Answer 19

100kPa, 298K, concentration of 1.omoldm-3. substances in their standard states

Question 20

Standard state

Answer 20

the physical state of a substance under standard conditions

Question 21

(Standard) enthalpy change of reaction

Answer 21

the enthalpy change when the amount in moles of substance as written react (under standard conditions)

Question 22

(Standard) enthalpy change of combustion

Answer 22

the enthalpy change when 1 mole of substance is combusted/burnt completely, in excess oxygen, (under standard conditions)

Question 23

(Standard) enthalpy change of formation

Answer 23

the enthalpy change when 1 mole of substance is formed from its elements, (under standard conditions)

Question 24

(Standard) enthalpy change of neutralisation

Answer 24

the enthalpy change associated with the formation of one mole of water from a neutralisation reaction, (under standard conditions)

Question 25

Bond enthalpy

Answer 25

the energy required to make/break a covalent bond

Question 26

Average bond enthalpy

Answer 26

the average enthalpy change that takes place when breaking, by homolytic fission, 1 mole of a given type of bond in the molecules of a gaseous species

Question 27

Hess’s law

Answer 27

the total energy change for a reaction is the same regardless of the route taken