Module 3 Feb 2 Fluid Balance, Acid/Base

Question 1

Blood gas arterial value HCO3

Answer 1

HCO3 - 22-26 mmHg

Question 2

Hypotonic ECF causes cell to

Answer 2

Swell

Question 3

Objective: Compare/contrast effects of changes in osmotic, oncotic,hydrostatic pressure on fluid movement across capillary membrane. What is filtration

Answer 3

Hydrostatic pushes fluid/ions out of capillary
Oncotic pulls fluid/ions into capillary
Osmosis - only affected by proteins, ions cross readily - oncotic
Filtration is movement of water from vascular space to interstitial space

Question 3

K plasma level

Answer 3

3.5-5 mEQ/L

Question 3

Blood gas arterial value pO2

Answer 3

PO2 - 80-100 mmHg

Question 4

Define pH, acid, base, useful acid and base

Answer 4

pH - negative log of H+ concentration
Acid - substance that donates H+ to solution
Base - takes protons out of solution
Acid: carbonic acid - H2CO3 (can move to H2O + CO2)
Base: Bicarbonate - HC03-

Question 5

3 chemical buffers

Answer 5

Bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer (ECF)
CO2 + H20  H2CO3  HC03 + H+
Protein buffer (ICF)
Hg + H+  HHgb
Phosphate buffer (ICF)
NaH2PO4 + Na+  Na2HPO4 + H+

Question 6

Normal blood pH

Answer 6

7.35-7.45

Question 7

Blood gas arterial value pCO2

Answer 7

PCO2 - 35-45 mmHg

Question 8

Respiratory compensation for H+ - 2

Answer 8

Add more CO2 to blood - breath slower and shallower - make acidic
Remove more CO2 from blood - breath fast and deep - make basic

Question 9

Renal compensation for H+ - 4

Answer 9

Secrete more or less H+ into renal tube

Reabsorb more or less bicarbonate into blood

Question 10

How do you urinate acids

Answer 10

Combine to create buffer

Question 11

Na plasma level

Answer 11

135-145 mEQ/L

Question 12

Renal and respiratory compensation speeds

Answer 12

Respiratory - very fast, but cannot sustain

Renal slow to start (days to weeks) but keep it up long time

Question 13

Blood gas arterial values pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3

Which compensation affects what

Answer 13

pH - 7.35-7.45
PCO2 - 35-45 mmHg
PO2 - 80-100 mmHg
HCO3 - 22-26 mmHg
PCO2 = respiratory, high causes acidosis
HCO3 = metabolic, high causes alkalosis

Question 14

Protein plasma level

Answer 14

3.5-5 g/dL

Question 15

Diffusion (no membrane) 2 forces

Answer 15

Ions move from higher concentration OR electrical gradient to lower

Question 19

Blood gas arterial value pH

Answer 19

7.35-7.45