Module 3 Feb 2 Fluid Balance, Acid/Base

Question 1

Hypotonic ECF causes cell to

Answer 1

Swell

Question 2

Sodium, Potassium, Protein Plasma levels

Answer 2

Na - 135-145 mEq/L.
K - 3.5-5 mEq/L.
Protein - 3.5-5 g/dL

Question 3

Objective: Compare/contrast effects of changes in osmotic, oncotic,hydrostatic pressure on fluid movement across capillary membrane. What is filtration

Answer 3

Hydrostatic pushes fluid/ions out of capillary
Oncotic pulls fluid/ions into capillary
Osmosis - only affected by proteins, ions cross readily - oncotic
Filtration is movement of water from vascular space to interstitial space

Question 4

Define pH, acid, base, useful acid and base

Answer 4

pH - negative log of H+ concentration
Acid - substance that donates H+ to solution
Base - takes protons out of solution
Acid: carbonic acid - H2CO3 (can move to H2O + CO2)
Base: Bicarbonate - HC03-

Question 5

3 chemical buffers

Answer 5

Bicarbonate/carbonic acid buffer (ECF)
CO2 + H20  H2CO3  HC03 + H+
Protein buffer (ICF)
Hg + H+  HHgb
Phosphate buffer (ICF)
NaH2PO4 + Na+  Na2HPO4 + H+

Question 6

Normal blood pH

Answer 6

7.35-7.45

Question 7

Respiratory compensation for H+ - 2

Answer 7

Add more CO2 to blood - breath slower and shallower - make acidic
Remove more CO2 from blood - breath fast and deep - make basic

Question 8

Renal compensation for H+ - 4

Answer 8

Secrete more or less H+ into renal tube

Reabsorb more or less bicarbonate into blood

Question 9

How do you urinate acids

Answer 9

Combine to create buffer

Question 10

Renal and respiratory compensation speeds

Answer 10

Respiratory - very fast, but cannot sustain

Renal slow to start (days to weeks) but keep it up long time

Question 11

Blood gas arterial values pH, pCO2, pO2, HCO3

Which compensation affects what

Answer 11

pH - 7.35-7.45
PCO2 - 35-45 mmHg
PO2 - 80-100 mmHg
HCO3 - 22-26 mmHg
PCO2 = respiratory, high causes acidosis
HCO3 = metabolic, high causes alkalosis

Question 12

Diffusion (no membrane) 2 forces

Answer 12

Ions move from higher concentration OR electrical gradient to lower