Module 3: Extrinsic Motivation Flashcards
what is extrinsic motivation
motivation that arises from environmental incentives/consequences to do a behaviour
what type of conditioning principles is extrinsic motivation based on?
operant conditioning principles
engaging in behaviours that produce attractive consequences + not engaging in behaviours that produce aversive consequences
what is the general equation for extrinsic motivation
S : R –> C
S = situational cue (an incentive)
: = sets the occasion for
R = response (behaviour)
–> = causes
C = consequence (reinforcer/punisher)
what is a reinforcer
any object/event that increases the future likelihood of a behaviour
why does a reinforcer increase the likelihood of a future behaviour?
typically decreases a drive, decreases/increases arousal, or is perceived as attractive/pleasurable
what are the two types of reinforcers
positive and negative
what is a positive reinforcer
a reinforcer that increases behaviour because it is presented
negative reinforcer
a reinforcer that increases behaviour because it is removed
what is a punisher
any object or event that decreases the future likelihood of behaviour
what is the difference between a reinforcer and a reward
a reinforcer increases the likelihood that a behaviour increases in the future
rewards don’t necessarily imply that a behaviour is going to increase in the future
why are punishers not always effective?
could lead to many short/long term unintentional consequences such as:
- negative emotions
- impaired relationships between punisher and punishee
-modelling negative coping methods with undesirable behaviour in others
what is intrinsic motivation
motivation that arises from an innate strivings for personal growth and psychological need satisfaction
what main component drives intrinsic motivation
psychological need satisfaction
what are the three psychological needs that contribute to intrinsic motivation
autonomy: person feels free
compentence: person feels effective
relatedness: person feels emotionally close
what is the intended primary effect of rewards
promotes compliance
what are the unintended side effects of rewards
undermines intrinsic motivation
interferes with quality and process of learning
interferes with capacity for autonomous self-regulation
what are the benefits of extrinsic motivation
valuable when trying to increase socially important but uninteresting behaviour such as (ex basic life skills)
what is cognitive evaluation theory
states that the effect of an external effect on intrinsic motivation depends on two aspects of the event - the controlling aspect and the informational aspect
external events that increase autonomy/competence will also increase intrinsic motivation
what does the controlling aspect of cognitive evaluation theory affect
a person’s psychological need for autonomy
what does the informational aspect of cognitive evaluation theory affect?
a person’s psychological need for competence
what are the 4 main types of regulations that contribute to extrinsic motivation
external regulation
introjected regulation
identified regulation
integrated regulation
what is external regulation (extrinsic motivation)
behaviour is enacted to obtain a reward, obtain a punishment, or to satisfy an external demand
no level of autonomy
ex. I recycle because I want the cash deposit back
what is introjected regulation (extrinsic motivation)
behaviour is enacted to obtain a self-administered reward or to avoid a self-administered punishment
moderate level of autonomy
ex. I recycle because if I don’t, I will feel guilty
what is identified regulation (extrinsic motivation)
behaviour is enacted because it is personally important or useful
high level of autonomy
ex. I recycle because its important to me to protect the environment
