Module 2: Physiological Needs Flashcards

1
Q

what is a need?

A

conditions that are essential for the maintenance of life + nurturance of growth/well being

essential to survival, but also growth/long term development

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2
Q

two main types of needs

A

physiological and psychological

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3
Q

what are needs distinguished by, and what does it mean?

A

direction of behaviour

each need is tied to a different biological condition, and as a result, the behaviour is directed towards different goals

ex. when hungry, behaviour will be directed towards food

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4
Q

what are physiological needs

A

biological conditions that regulate bodily well-being and correct imbalances that arise from potential threats to growth/life/well-being

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5
Q

what do physiological needs often arise from

A

a deficiency

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6
Q

who proposed drive theory

A

clark hull

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7
Q

what does the drive theory state

A

physiological deprivations create biological needs

if these biological needs remain unsatisfied, the biological deprivation becomes strong enough to generate psychological drive (ie. psychological discomfort)

that psychological drive energizes activity towards behaviour that then mitigates the biological deficit

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8
Q

what does drive theory tell us about biological/psychological conditions

A

biological conditions are linked with psychological conditions

drive theory is essentially the psychological component of biological needs

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9
Q

what are the 7 regulatory processes of the need-drive behaviour process

A

need
drive
homeostasis
negative feedback
multiple inputs/outputs
intra-organismic mechanisms
extra-organismic mechanisms

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10
Q

what is drive (need-drive behaviour process)

A

what pushes you towards fulfilling a need

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11
Q

what is homeostasis (need-drive behaviour process)

A

the tendency to maintain an ideal state of equilibrium within the body

when equilibrium is disrupted, a drive activates behaviour to compensate and return to ideal state

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12
Q

examples of things homeostasis can effect (need-drive behaviour process)

A

optimal hydration, blood glucose levels, body temperature, etc.

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13
Q

what is negative feedback (need-drive behaviour process)

A

the mechanism that stops behaviour once the homeostasis/equilibrium is achieved

is the opposite of a drive

ex. stops you from overheating

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14
Q

what are multiple inputs/outputs (need-drive behaviour process)

A

various causes of a drive which can then result in various outcomes

known as antecedent conditions - cause a drive and result in an outcome

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15
Q

what are intraorganismic mechanisms (need-drive behaviour process)

A

refer to all biological regulatory systems within a person that act together to activate, maintain, and terminate the biological needs that underlie drives

essentially includes everything within the body of an individual that might regulate a drive

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16
Q

what are extra organismic mechansism

A

refer to all the environmental influences that play a part in activating, maintaining, and terminating a drive

essentially includes everything outside of an individual that might regulate a drive

17
Q

what are the 7 steps in the need-behaviour process

A

satiated state

physiological deprivation develops

prolonged physiological deprivation produces bodily need

need intensifies and gives rise to psychological drive

goal-directed motivated behaviour occurs to satisfy drive

drive is fulfilled

drive is reduced

cycle starts again

18
Q

what intraorganismic mechanisms regulate short term appetite

A

glucostatic hypothesis and stomach distension

19
Q

what is the glucostatic hypothesis

A

describes the idea that blood glucose levels are responsible for regulating hunger/eating behaviours in the short-term

20
Q

what part of the body monitors blood glucose levels and how does it do this?

A

liver

low levels = lateral hypothalamus allows for appetite to be felt

high levels = ventromedial hypothalamus allows for fullness to be felt (negative feedback)

21
Q

what extraorganismic organisms regulate short-term appetite

A

temperature, appearance, smell, variety of food, time of day, presence of other people, etc.

22
Q

what processes regulate long term appetite

A

lypostatic hypothesis and set-point theory (intraorganismic mechanisms)

23
Q

what is the lypostatic hypothesis

A

describes the idea that body fat levels regulate hunger in the long term

24
Q

how does the lypostatic hypothesis work?

A

low fat levels = lateral hypothalamus allows for ghrelin to be released creating feelings of hunger

high fat levels = adipose tissue allows for leptin to be released (negative feedback), creating feelings of fullness

25
Q

what is the set-point theory

A

states that every person has a genetically determined ideal body weight

everyone inherits a specific number of fat cells, a certain metabolic rate, and a set-point for how full fat cells should be

as size of fat cells lowers, eating behaviour increases until set point is reached

set point can change with age, history of restriction/excess food intake

26
Q

what is involved with self-regulatory influences in terms of hunger

A

occurs when people monitor their food consumption themselves using cognitive methods