Module 2: Physiological Needs

Question 1

what is a need?

Answer 1

conditions that are essential for the maintenance of life + nurturance of growth/well being

essential to survival, but also growth/long term development

Question 2

two main types of needs

Answer 2

physiological and psychological

Question 3

what are needs distinguished by, and what does it mean?

Answer 3

direction of behaviour

each need is tied to a different biological condition, and as a result, the behaviour is directed towards different goals

ex. when hungry, behaviour will be directed towards food

Question 4

what are physiological needs

Answer 4

biological conditions that regulate bodily well-being and correct imbalances that arise from potential threats to growth/life/well-being

Question 5

what do physiological needs often arise from

Answer 5

a deficiency

Question 6

who proposed drive theory

Answer 6

clark hull

Question 7

what does the drive theory state

Answer 7

physiological deprivations create biological needs

if these biological needs remain unsatisfied, the biological deprivation becomes strong enough to generate psychological drive (ie. psychological discomfort)

that psychological drive energizes activity towards behaviour that then mitigates the biological deficit

Question 8

what does drive theory tell us about biological/psychological conditions

Answer 8

biological conditions are linked with psychological conditions

drive theory is essentially the psychological component of biological needs

Question 9

what are the 7 regulatory processes of the need-drive behaviour process

Answer 9

need
drive
homeostasis
negative feedback
multiple inputs/outputs
intra-organismic mechanisms
extra-organismic mechanisms

Question 10

what is drive (need-drive behaviour process)

Answer 10

what pushes you towards fulfilling a need

Question 11

what is homeostasis (need-drive behaviour process)

Answer 11

the tendency to maintain an ideal state of equilibrium within the body

when equilibrium is disrupted, a drive activates behaviour to compensate and return to ideal state

Question 12

examples of things homeostasis can effect (need-drive behaviour process)

Answer 12

optimal hydration, blood glucose levels, body temperature, etc.

Question 13

what is negative feedback (need-drive behaviour process)

Answer 13

the mechanism that stops behaviour once the homeostasis/equilibrium is achieved

is the opposite of a drive

ex. stops you from overheating

Question 14

what are multiple inputs/outputs (need-drive behaviour process)

Answer 14

various causes of a drive which can then result in various outcomes

known as antecedent conditions - cause a drive and result in an outcome

Question 15

what are intraorganismic mechanisms (need-drive behaviour process)

Answer 15

refer to all biological regulatory systems within a person that act together to activate, maintain, and terminate the biological needs that underlie drives

essentially includes everything within the body of an individual that might regulate a drive

Question 16

what are extra organismic mechansism

Answer 16

refer to all the environmental influences that play a part in activating, maintaining, and terminating a drive

essentially includes everything outside of an individual that might regulate a drive

Question 17

what are the 7 steps in the need-behaviour process

Answer 17

satiated state

physiological deprivation develops

prolonged physiological deprivation produces bodily need

need intensifies and gives rise to psychological drive

goal-directed motivated behaviour occurs to satisfy drive

drive is fulfilled

drive is reduced

cycle starts again

Question 18

what intraorganismic mechanisms regulate short term appetite

Answer 18

glucostatic hypothesis and stomach distension

Question 19

what is the glucostatic hypothesis

Answer 19

describes the idea that blood glucose levels are responsible for regulating hunger/eating behaviours in the short-term

Question 20

what part of the body monitors blood glucose levels and how does it do this?

Answer 20

liver

low levels = lateral hypothalamus allows for appetite to be felt

high levels = ventromedial hypothalamus allows for fullness to be felt (negative feedback)

Question 21

what extraorganismic organisms regulate short-term appetite

Answer 21

temperature, appearance, smell, variety of food, time of day, presence of other people, etc.

Question 22

what processes regulate long term appetite

Answer 22

lypostatic hypothesis and set-point theory (intraorganismic mechanisms)

Question 23

what is the lypostatic hypothesis

Answer 23

describes the idea that body fat levels regulate hunger in the long term

Question 24

how does the lypostatic hypothesis work?

Answer 24

low fat levels = lateral hypothalamus allows for ghrelin to be released creating feelings of hunger

high fat levels = adipose tissue allows for leptin to be released (negative feedback), creating feelings of fullness

Question 25

what is the set-point theory

Answer 25

states that every person has a genetically determined ideal body weight

everyone inherits a specific number of fat cells, a certain metabolic rate, and a set-point for how full fat cells should be

as size of fat cells lowers, eating behaviour increases until set point is reached

set point can change with age, history of restriction/excess food intake

Question 26

what is involved with self-regulatory influences in terms of hunger

Answer 26

occurs when people monitor their food consumption themselves using cognitive methods