Module 2: Physiological Needs Flashcards
what is a need?
conditions that are essential for the maintenance of life + nurturance of growth/well being
essential to survival, but also growth/long term development
two main types of needs
physiological and psychological
what are needs distinguished by, and what does it mean?
direction of behaviour
each need is tied to a different biological condition, and as a result, the behaviour is directed towards different goals
ex. when hungry, behaviour will be directed towards food
what are physiological needs
biological conditions that regulate bodily well-being and correct imbalances that arise from potential threats to growth/life/well-being
what do physiological needs often arise from
a deficiency
who proposed drive theory
clark hull
what does the drive theory state
physiological deprivations create biological needs
if these biological needs remain unsatisfied, the biological deprivation becomes strong enough to generate psychological drive (ie. psychological discomfort)
that psychological drive energizes activity towards behaviour that then mitigates the biological deficit
what does drive theory tell us about biological/psychological conditions
biological conditions are linked with psychological conditions
drive theory is essentially the psychological component of biological needs
what are the 7 regulatory processes of the need-drive behaviour process
need
drive
homeostasis
negative feedback
multiple inputs/outputs
intra-organismic mechanisms
extra-organismic mechanisms
what is drive (need-drive behaviour process)
what pushes you towards fulfilling a need
what is homeostasis (need-drive behaviour process)
the tendency to maintain an ideal state of equilibrium within the body
when equilibrium is disrupted, a drive activates behaviour to compensate and return to ideal state
examples of things homeostasis can effect (need-drive behaviour process)
optimal hydration, blood glucose levels, body temperature, etc.
what is negative feedback (need-drive behaviour process)
the mechanism that stops behaviour once the homeostasis/equilibrium is achieved
is the opposite of a drive
ex. stops you from overheating
what are multiple inputs/outputs (need-drive behaviour process)
various causes of a drive which can then result in various outcomes
known as antecedent conditions - cause a drive and result in an outcome
what are intraorganismic mechanisms (need-drive behaviour process)
refer to all biological regulatory systems within a person that act together to activate, maintain, and terminate the biological needs that underlie drives
essentially includes everything within the body of an individual that might regulate a drive
what are extra organismic mechansism
refer to all the environmental influences that play a part in activating, maintaining, and terminating a drive
essentially includes everything outside of an individual that might regulate a drive
what are the 7 steps in the need-behaviour process
satiated state
physiological deprivation develops
prolonged physiological deprivation produces bodily need
need intensifies and gives rise to psychological drive
goal-directed motivated behaviour occurs to satisfy drive
drive is fulfilled
drive is reduced
cycle starts again
what intraorganismic mechanisms regulate short term appetite
glucostatic hypothesis and stomach distension
what is the glucostatic hypothesis
describes the idea that blood glucose levels are responsible for regulating hunger/eating behaviours in the short-term
what part of the body monitors blood glucose levels and how does it do this?
liver
low levels = lateral hypothalamus allows for appetite to be felt
high levels = ventromedial hypothalamus allows for fullness to be felt (negative feedback)
what extraorganismic organisms regulate short-term appetite
temperature, appearance, smell, variety of food, time of day, presence of other people, etc.
what processes regulate long term appetite
lypostatic hypothesis and set-point theory (intraorganismic mechanisms)
what is the lypostatic hypothesis
describes the idea that body fat levels regulate hunger in the long term
how does the lypostatic hypothesis work?
low fat levels = lateral hypothalamus allows for ghrelin to be released creating feelings of hunger
high fat levels = adipose tissue allows for leptin to be released (negative feedback), creating feelings of fullness
