Module 3 and 4

Question 1

Protein, scaffolding, creating internal framework of the cell, holds organelles in place and allows cell to change shape

Answer 1

Cytoskeleton

Question 2

So metabolism and energy utilization. Synthesis of molecules. Communication. Reproduction and inheritance.

Answer 2

Some functions of the cell

Question 3

Major sight of ATP production in the cell. Enzymes for the chemical reactions that break the bonds within fats and carbohydrates to produce ATP. Energy currency of cell. Cells require a lot of ATP have more of this.

Answer 3

Mitochondria

Question 4

Passive membrane, transport is called what. Movement is driven by concentration gradient, molecules move from area of high concentration to low concentration.

Answer 4

Diffusion

Question 5

Special name for diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. Water moves by…… from an area of high water, concentration to an area of low water concentration

Answer 5

Osmosis

Question 6

Passive membrane transport is called what. Driven by concentration gradient. Does not require ATP. Requires carrier molecule. Glucose movement into most cells.

Answer 6

Facilitated diffusion

Question 7

Movement of sodium and potassium against their concentration gradient, are directly driven by the chemical energy from ATP

Answer 7

Active transport

Question 8

Movement of glucose against its concentration gradient is linked to the movements of sodium down its concentration gradient. The sodium gradient is established by active transport, and the use of ATP. The movement of glucose into the cells of small intestine.

Answer 8

Secondary active transport

Question 9

Curved membrane bound sacks. Collects, modifies and packages proteins in secretory vesicles. Membrane can be incorporated into cell membrane.

Answer 9

Golgi apparatus

Question 10

What is found within the nucleus of human cells and is loosely coiled as chromatin during normal cells function.

Answer 10

DNA

Question 11

What does MRNA stand for?

Answer 11

Messenger, RNA

Question 12

What travels out of the nucleus to direct the formation of protein molecules?

Answer 12

MRNA

Question 13

DNA is tightly packed into what during cell division

Answer 13

Chromosomes

Question 14

Formation of mRNA from DNA

Answer 14

Transcription

Question 15

An mRNA sequence guides the formation of the protein molecule

Answer 15

Translation

Question 16

Protein based organelle in the cytoplasm, that guides the synthesis of protein molecules from the mRNA sequence

Answer 16

Ribosomes

Question 17

The information in the mRNA sequence is carried in groups of three nucleotides. This is called.

Answer 17

Codons

Question 18

What does TRNA stand for?

Answer 18

Transfer RNA

Question 19

HTRNA has three nucleotides. This is called what

Answer 19

Anticodon

Question 20

Amino acids are linked to form a polypeptide chain the polypeptide chain is modified to become a protein

Answer 20

Translation

Question 21

Most of the time a cell is involved in normal metabolic function, during growth and development, or tissue repair, cell division is required

Answer 21

Cell cycle

Question 22

Development of specialized structures and function within cells

Answer 22

Differentiation

Question 23

The…… system is a communicating system that is involved in the coordination of almost all body functions. It is designed to receive signals from the internal and external environment. The signals are then interpreted to determine whether to stimulate or inhibit the activity of organs, tissues, and cells throughout the body.

Answer 23

The nervous system

Question 24

One of the main cell type within the nervous system system

Answer 24

Neurons

Question 25

The other main cell type in the nervous system. They perform structural support and protective roles by contributing to the blood brain barrier, as well as immune and nutrient provision functions.

Answer 25

Glial cells

Question 26

Special gal cells form coatings called

Answer 26

Myelin sheath

Question 27

Gaps between myelin sheets, about every millimetre along axon. Allows for ion movement and faster conduction compared to myelinated axons

Answer 27

Nodes of Ranveer

Question 28

Generation of action potential in the cell body. Action potential propagation along action. Communication with target cell at synapse.

Answer 28

Stages of communication and a neuron

Question 29

Electrical signals conducted along the cell membrane

Answer 29

Action potential

Question 30

Junction where the neuron interacts with another neuron or cell. Conversion of electrical message in action into chemical message sent to next cell.

Answer 30

Synapse

Question 31

Collection of tracks leading to, and from the brain

Answer 31

Spinal cord

Question 32

Groups of neuron cell bodies, and dendrites. Cortex or nuclei ganglion.

Answer 32

Gray matter

Question 33

Bundles of parallel axons, and their myelin sheath

Answer 33

White matter

Question 34

Involved in body functions, essential for survival

Answer 34

Brainstem

Question 35

Voluntary motor function, motivation, aggression, and mood

Answer 35

Frontal lobe

Question 36

Receiving and perceiving sensory information

Answer 36

Parietal lobe

Question 37

Visual input

Answer 37

Occipital lobe

Question 38

Smell, hearing, memory

Answer 38

Temporal lobe

Question 39

Comparative function intended movement compared with sensory feedback. Necessary for smooth coordinated movements, and learning movements. Compares feedback from neurons and joints and muscles. Alcohol inhibits the function of.

Answer 39

Cerebellum