Module 3 Flashcards

Question

Increased RDW and normal MCV is associated with what?

Answer 1

Early iron, vitamin B12, or folate deficiency

Answer 2

- Usually due to hemorrhage or hemolysis - Hemorrhage is by far most common etiology: * e.g. GI, GU, Surgical, Trauma, Ruptured Aneurism - When anemia is acute the body does not have enough time to make the necessary physiological adjustments, and the symptoms are more likely to be pronounced and dramatic

Answer 3

Peripheral blood vessel constriction, diverting blood flow to essential vital organs. Decreased blood flow detected by kidneys activates the renin-angiotensin response, causing salt and water retention in an attempt to increase blood volume.

Answer 4

- anemias of chronic disease - hemolytic anemias (those characterized by accelerated destruction of rbc's) - anemia of acute hemorrhage - aplastic anemias (those characterized by disappearance of rbc precursors from the marrow)

Answer 5

A deficiency of folic acid results in megaloblastic anemia with the same characteristics as those of Vitamin B12 deficiency, but neurologic changes do not occur. Deficiency usually caused by inadequate intake Folate sources: beans, lentils, asparagus, leafy greens (spinach, collards, kale), fortified foods

Answer 6

Folate deficiency: - megaloblastic anemia - fetal neural tube defects (spina bifida) Signs/SymptomsA deficiency of folic acid results in megaloblastic anemia with the same characteristics as those of Vitamin B12 deficiency, but neurologic changes do not occur.

Answer 7

Folate deficiency: Megaloblastic anemia, fetal neural tube defects (spina bifida) Signs/symptoms folate deficiency: 1) Pregnant women may give birth to low birth weight, premature and/or infants with neural tube defects 2) Infants & children may exhibit slow overall growth rate 3) anemia - other signs: digestive disorders, weakness, sore tongue, headaches, heart palipitations, irritability, forgetfullness, behavioral disorders, ELEVATED LEVEL OF HOMOCYSTEINE (risk factor for cardiovascular disease)

Answer 8

Spastic and flaccid paralysis Paresthesias of fingers & feet Mania and psychosis, memory impairment, irritability, depression, and personality changes

Answer 9

``` MCV=high MCH=high (bigger RBC has more Hb in it) – still normochromic. why? - Low serum B12 - Positive IF antibodies serum - Schilling Test ```

Answer 10

- Dietary lack - Impaired absorption – celiac disease, chronic diarrhea, low gastric HCl - Increased requirements - growing infants, children/adolescents, menstruating female, pregnant female - Chronic blood loss - menorrhagia, espophogeal varices, PUD, UC, Crohn’s, GI cancers, hemorrhoids, parasites - Microcytic, hypochromic anemia - MCV=low - MCH=low - Fatigue, tachycardia, palpitations, tachypnea - Pallor - Koilonychia, angular chelitis, alopecia (hair loss) - Atrophic changes * tongue > shiny, red, fissured, due to loss of papillae - Pica * Eating disorder - Craving and eating of non-nutritional substances

Answer 11

Decreased: 1) RBC’s, Hb, Hct 2) Ferritin - a protein found within most cells of the body that binds to iron; most of the iron stored in the body is bound to ferritin. Ferritin is found in the liver, spleen, skeletal muscles, and bone marrow. Only a small amount of ferritin is found in the blood. Increased 1) Total Iron-Binding Capacity (TIBC) - The sum of all iron binding sites on transferrin (molecule which shuttles iron in the blood). Under normal circumstances, about one-third of transferrin iron-binding pockets are filled. 2) More binding sites of transferrin are available if a person is iron deficient - What would happen to TIBC if a person had a failing liver?

Answer 12

- Bone marrow dysfunction characterized by anemia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia – a pancytopenia! - All the cells come from the stem cells in the bone marrow.