Acid-Base Imbalances

Question 1

Acidemia

Answer 1

The pH of arterial blood is less than 7.4

Question 2

Acidosis

Answer 2

A systemic increase in H+ ion concentration or loss of base

Question 3

Alkalemia

Answer 3

The pH of arterial blood is greater than 7.4

Question 4

Alkalosis

Answer 4

A systemic decrease in H+ ion concentration or excess of base

Question 5

Metabolic acidosis

Answer 5

Concentrations of non-carbonic acids increase or bicarbonate is lost from ECF or cannot be regenerated by kidneys.
-Can occur quickly as in lactic acidosis caused by poor perfusion or hypoxia, or slowly over an extended time, as in renal failure or diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 6

When acidosis is severe what happens?

Answer 6

Buffers become depleted & cannot compensate, & the ration of the concentrations of bicarbonate to carbonic acid decrease to less than 20:1

Question 7

The specific type of acidosis can be determined by?

Answer 7

Examining the serum anion gap

Question 8

Metabolic acidosis is displayed by?

Answer 8

Changes in the function of the neurologic, respiratory, gastroinestinal, and cardiovascular systems