Module 3 Flashcards
What is cephalocaudal development?
Baby develops from the head down
What is proximodistal development?
Develops from the center outward
What are some leading causes of infant mortality?
Birth defects, low birth weight, SIDS, Respiratory distress
What are infant mortality rates associated with?
Educational disparities
What is sudden infant death syndrome?
SIDS and this is when the infant dies unexpectedly while sleeping
What is neurogenesis?
Formation of neurons
What is synaptogenesis?
Dendrites grow/branch out
What is synaptic pruning?
Unused neural connects are lost
What is myelination?
Axons are coated in a fatty substance called myelin
What is gross motor development?
Ability to control large movements
What is fine motor development?
Controlling small finger movements or voluntary reaching
What are the four methods for studying infant perception?
Preferential looking task = which stimulus the infant chooses to look at
Habituation = Infant pays less attention to a particular object
Dishabituation = renewal of attention
Visual acuity testing = tests infants ability to see, tend to look at large stripes
What is the externality effect?
Infants tend to first look at caregiver’s outer features and as they age they look at the face
Describe the visual cliff experiment.
Babies are placed on a table that appears to be a cliff - babies look to caregivers’ face for next step
What is the most developed sense at birth?
Hearing
How does a caregiver’s touch help an infant?
Help infants with weight gain and reduces stress
What is intermodal perception?
Combine information with multiple sensory systems, coordinate auditory and visual stimuli
What is Piaget’s cognitive-development theory?
Cognitive schemas - categorize
Compare assimilation and accommodation.
Assimilation - Preexisting schema
Accommodation - New information so must adapt and modify
Compare cognitive equilibrium and disequilibrium.
Cognitive equilibrium: balance assimilation and accommodation
Cognitive disequilibrium: Mismatch between schemas and real world, leads to confusion
What is mental representation?
Mental pictures to think about object
What is representational thought?
Using symbols to represent objects. Does not have to physically see object
What is core knowledge theory?
Belief in an infant’s innate knowledge system
Prewired evolutionary understanding must be involved
What are the aspects of information processing?
Attention
Working memory - Using/comprehending
Long-term memory - the ability to recall information from past
Thinking
What is transfer deficit?
When infants are less able to transfer what they see on screens then interactions with adults
What is prelinguistic communications?
Cooing (3 months)
Babbling (6 months) - Universal but will attune to the language spoken around them
What are holophrases?
One-word expressions to complete thoughts
What is fast mapping?
Infant can learn new word after hearing it only a few times
Occurs around (16-24 months)
