Module 3 Flashcards
Schlegel denies that clan societies were originally matriarchal.
False
In early research and writings there was evidence of matriarchy in evolution
Schlegel believes that women in clan society often controlled “descent groups.”
False??
Women and mothers had little or no voice in how these were controlled
Controlled by men in domestic group
Women perpetuate descent groups in matrilineal societies but men control
Schlegel cites matrilineal societies in which women who lived with their husbands were still dominated by their brothers.
True
In Yao and Trobriand, women in husband domestic group is still under authority of brother in descent group
Authority: right to control actions of another person
According to Schlegel, in “brother dominant” societies, the mother’s brother plays a more central role than the father’s brother.
True?
Schlegel says that both patrilateral and matrilateral cross-cousin marriage are compatible with male dominance.
True
Matrilateral cross-cousin associated with husband authority and patrilateral with brother authority
Husband has interest in sister’s domestic group and brother dominated has interests in wife’s domestic group
Women in “Neither Dominant” societies are equally subordinate to their husbands and their brothers.
True
Less authority in general
Neither husband or brother exert great control
Hopi people are example
Schlegel focuses exclusively on agricultural peoples.
False
There were some agricultural, some hunter-gather, some horticulturalists, some animal harvesters
The Crow, Hopi, Khasi and North Kerala Nayar all occupy the same positions in Schlegel’s “domestic authority gradient.”
False
They all occupy different positions from Type II to Type V
Goldschmidt says brideprice and dowry are essentially equivalent.
False
Not equivalent
Dowry assists with married
Brideprice benefits that bride’s family
Sebei men never marry women from other tribes or other countries.
False
Sebei brideprice negotiations are conducted in strictly private, secret sessions.
False
Huge social event
Brideprice negotiations have witnesses
Details of contract not secret or private
All Sebei women marry but, since a fair number of men have multiple wives, some Sebei men do not marry.
True
Every Sebei woman and almost every Sebei man get married
In cases of “elopement,” the bride’s father is unable to benefit from the marriage.
False?
No stigma, contract still established
The Sebei bride payments recorded by Goldschmidt included cattle in every case, plus, in many cases, goats, sheep, iron bracelets, iron hoe blades, and cash.
True
Always start negotiating with cattle, then once that is decided move on to other things
The cost of a Sebei bride, Goldschmidt says, is akin to the cost of a car in the U.S.
False
About the same as the cost of a house (single most capital outlay)
In the past, one of the main brideprice payments went to the bride’s mother’s brother.
True?
A single ram went to the bride’s mother’s brother, now many cattle are included too
Sebei men complain if they receive brideprice cattle of inferior quality.
False
They don’t equate their brideprice to the quality and number of cattle
What Goldschmidt calls the “triple disaster” that befell the Sebei in the early 20th century made cattle even more central to Sebei marriage than ever.
True?
More average cattle heads paid
Total brideprice had tripled
Shows prosperity
Goldschmidt says that Sebei herders pay higher brideprices than Sebei farmers because polygyny makes wives relatively scarcer among the herders than among the farmers.
False
Polygyny is more suited for to pastoral form of economic endeavor than farming
Farmers had limited land, making the acquisition of wives hard, where herders didn’t have this restriction
Sebei men who marry three or more women are generally more affluent than average.
True
More well-to-do men partake in third and fourth marriages
Men pay less for second wives, third wife is higher
The “comic custom [of] barbaric etiquette” that Tylor makes the starting point of his study is now called “the levirate.”
False?
The levirate is when a widow becomes the wife of her late husband’s brother or according to recognized order of precedence in clan
The barbaric etiquette referred to the avoidance levels between the husband and the wife’s family.
According to Tylor, there are known instances when biological fathers and sons have come to blows because their respective “tribelets” were quarreling.
True
Father and son fight, and son might kill father if others had not interfered
When a husband is married, he moves to wife’s tribe and becomes are part of that tribe
Tylor shows that the central principle of clan society was essentially identical to what we now call the nuclear family.
False
In nuclear family, father, mother, and children form a unit
In clan society, marriage causes one person to move tribes
Husband moving to wife’s tribe
Husband temporarily moving to wife’s tribe
Wife moving to husband’s tribe
In all, Tylor reports on data gathered from about 350 different peoples.
True
Tylor used statistical methods to analyze the extent to which clusters of cultural traits are linked to one another.
True
According to Tylor, in-law avoidance is never practiced in societies with residence of the type we would now call matrilocal.
False
Husband is an outsider when he marries his wife in wife’s family
Wife’s family avoids him, makes him outsider
Some cases husband is ignored until the first child is born
Tylor invented the word “teknonymy.”
True
There are only a half-dozen peoples who are known to have practiced teknonymy.
False
About 30 people spread out of the world who practice this
Unlike many others, Tylor believes that clans were originally what we would call patrilineal rather than matrilineal.
False
The distribution of practices and custom related to levirate practice only work when starting with paternal and moving into maternal
Tylor assigns a major role to the mother’s brother in the “matriarchal system.”
True
In these systems, brother holds authority over children
Sometimes outrank in inheritance of property too
Tylor was unaware of the nature or significance of Lewis Henry Morgan’s concept of “classificatory kinship.”
False
He explains how Morgan was an adopted Indian living with the Iroquois.
He observed that relatives grouped into classes, which he called the “classificatory kinship”
Ex: all his mother’s sisters were mothers, and all his father’s brothers were fathers
Tylor considers “the levirate” to be an expression of the “compact” formed by two exogamous clans when their members marry.
True
Marriage is like a contract, both sides must uphold their side of the deal, levirate
deal for the wife’s tribe where a husband is guaranteed for the wife and for the husband’s tribe where a wife is guaranteed for them
Relatives grouped into classes
