Module 3 Flashcards
Quel est le type de narrateur dans La salle de bain de Jean-Philippe Toussaint?
- simultanée : récit au présent, contemporain de l’action (present tense, contemporary with action)
Qui est l’inventeur de la distant reading (lecture distante)?
Franco Moretti
Quel est el nom du concept inventé par Mikhaïl Bakhtine qui désigne un dialecte social? (Comme le langage du surf dans Réparer les vivants de Maylis de Kerengal.)
Plurilinguisme
who was Gérard Genette?
- french literary theorist and critic who made significant contributions to the field of narratology and study of narrative structure
-Founded his narratology on the distinction between story (the sucession of events that is through narritive,) narrative (narrative statement, oral and written discourse of an event/s) and narration, (the act of narrating taking place by an extension of the situation)
Three Major Categories
- L’histoire (sucession of events recounted by the story)
- Le récit (narrative) narrative statement, oral or written that assumes an event or series of events
- la narration
How to detect the presence of the narrator?
- Narration in the past tense clearly shows that events are being recounted
- Certain adjectives
- Certain interrogative forms
- Use of italics
- Irony
- Effect of using a large number of figures of speech convergent
What happens when a story uses “i”
you need to look more closely at the distinction between a novel and autobiography. There is no difference, you have to look at the text itself
What is narrative instance/instance narraitive
Position relative to story
Position relative par rapport à l’histoire
-entity assumed to be responsible for the act of narrating.
4 types of narriation
- ultérieure : position classique (classic position)
- antérieure : prédicatif (predicative)
- simultanée : récit au présent, contemporain de l’action (present tense, contemporary with action)
- intercalée : quand il y a un mélange ; par exemple
un roman qui sera formé de lettres (when there is a mixture)
What is narrative instance and perspective Focalisation?
Focalisation:
Relationship between narrator and character
- Is the character in the book?
-Is the narrator on the same level as the events happening in the story?
Focalisation zéro:
-Narrator “God” who knows and sees everything
“as the titanic was sinking the passangers felt an immense fear”
Focalisation Interne:
- the viewpoint of character
-events represented through the gaze of a character “i saw the titanic sink”
Focalisation externe
the narrator is a witness (témoin)
-he has access to thoughts of the other characters
“a man passed in a canoe and noticed things seemed to be going badly”
Homodiégetique
narrator is a character
autodiégétique
narrator is the central character
hétérodiégétique
narrator is absent from the story they are narrating
who was Mikhaïl Bakhtine
- Théoricien russe (russian theorist)
-1895-1975
-Specialist of Rabelais and Dostoievski
-Theorist of the novelistic genre (genre romanesque)
Dialogisme
Multiform ideologies in novels
Humour born of the clash (between ideologies/between levels of
discourse)
Diversité languages that orchestrate novelistic themes
Pour Bakhtin, the modern hero speaks, he doesn’t just act. Discourse in a novel is also a form form of action. (In La Salle de bain, the narrator’s speech is the driving force behind the the action).
Distance (3)
Direct speech (– distance)
“I don’t want to eat your apple.”
(Discours Direct)
Free indirect speech (– distance)
Charles was beside himself! No! He didn’t want disgusting apple.
(Discours Indirect libre)
Indirect discourse (+ distance)
He told her he didn’t want to eat his apple
(Discours Indirect)
Bakhtine and Plurilinguisme
Parodic stylization
- Taking up ordinary language and distancing
- taking up many languages, prescnce of various languages
- Can indirectly reveal the narrator’s
intentions. (In the case of heterodiegetic narration
heterodiegetic narration).
- EX
Roger was peaceful by nature, but would speak out
when politics were discussed.
- What a CON that Doug Ford is! I’d tear his head off!
his head off!
