Module 3 Flashcards
What is cell division?
the generation of daughter cells from a parent cell
Sex cells are also known as
gametes
- takes in nutrients and manufactures proteins and other substances
- grows
- conducts special functions
- prepares to divide
Happens in Interphase
What phase is DNA replicated in?
S
What are the checkpoints in the cell cycle?
G1 and G2
What are sister chromatids held at?
centromere
When does there cell prepare for segregation?
Prophase
Sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite ends of the cell by shortening of the spindle microtubules. What phase?
during anaphase
What is a tetrad?
one replicated maternal chromosome aligned parallel to its matching replicated paternal chromosomes, for 4 chromatids
The physical exchange of chromosomal segments between non sister chromatids in paired off paternal and maternal homologous?
crossing over
Meiosis ensures that
gametes have a haploid number of chromosomes
What is the study of inherited characteristics and the genes that affect those traits?
genetics
What does each homologous pair contain?
one paternal and one maternal homologue
Homozygous
having identical alleles of a gene
Heterozygous
having two different alleles of a gene
Genotype
the particular set of alleles carried by an individual
Phenotype
an individual’s observable traits
mutation
change in DNA sequence of a gene
The condition in which one allele is not fully dominant over another, so the heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two homozygous phenotype
Incomplete dominance
Two alleles that are both fully expressed in heterozygous individuals
codominant
Autosomal dominant
allele is expressed in homozygotes and heterozygotes
Autosomal recessive
allele is expressed only in homozygotes
The failure of chromosomes to separate normally during meiosis or mitosis
Nondisjunction
