Module 2B: Pathophysiology and Disease Productions Flashcards
Nuclear Medicine
Diagnostic imaging that involves the administration of radioactive material called tracers (radiopharmaceuticals) to assess bodily functions
Ex:
- SPECT scan (used to assess brain damage following a stroke)
- PET scan (used to diagnose brain-related disorders and cancers)
- MUGA scan (used to evaluate the condition of the heart muscle)
Diagnostic Imaging WITH Radiation
x-rays, computed tomography (CT), angiography, mammography, and nuclear medicine studies
Diagnostic Imaging WITHOUT Radiation
- magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): uses an electromagnetic field to produce images
- ultrasound: uses sound waves
Contrast Material
Many body structures appear dark on imaging studies (radiolucent) due to their lack of density.
Contrast aids in making those structures more radiopaque (lighter/brighter), thereby making them easier for the radiologist to visualize on a radiograph.
Contrast materials include air, barium, gadolinium, and iodine. These contrast substances can be administered orally, through injection, or intravenously.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
National public health agency that protects the public’s health.
World Health Organization (WHO)
Agency that promotes health and monitors and coordinates activities concerning health-related issues. Also researches potential causative agents related to pandemics.
Endemic
A disease that predominately spreads throughout a community at a normal rate.
Ex: malaria
Epidemic
Occurs when a disease spreads rapidly to a large number of people.
Ex: HIV/AIDS
Pandemic
A worldwide outbreak of a disease
Ex: COVID-19
What precautions can help prevent a pandemic?
Vaccines reduce the number of people at risk. Cough protocols, handwashing, and the use of hand sanitizer also aid in preventing the spread of disease and illness.
