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BIO 121 > Module 2A > Flashcards

Module 2A Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the factors that influence the survival of living organisms

A

abiotic factors
water, fire, wind, gas, pH, salts

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2
Q

protein producing factories of cells

A

ribosomes

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2
Q

what is the barrier between the living cell and the outside environment

A

cell membrane

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2
Q

what is the key characteristic of life

A

having cellular structure

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3
Q

what are the 3 things that cell contains

A

DNA, cell membrane, ribosomes

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4
Q

what are the 2 chemically related substances in which hereditary info is coded

A

DNA and RNA

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5
Q

WHAT ARE THE 4 GENETIC LETTERS IN DNA

A

A T G C
Adenine
thymine
guanine
cytosine

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6
Q

what is the mean to store genetic info

A

DNA

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7
Q

what replaces thymine(T) in RNA

A

Uracil (U)

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8
Q

who have cell wall

A

plants and fungi

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9
Q

what is the blueprint of life

A

DNA in the cells of all living things

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10
Q

how does new things evolve

A

by changes in DNA

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11
Q

sharing a common ancestor is _______- of life

A

UNITY

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12
Q

_______ of life is the phylogenetic(EVOLUTIONARY) RELATIONSHIP OF THE organisms

A

tree

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13
Q

how does biological evolution occurs and what are the reasons behind it?

A

MUTATIONS
sequence of DNA molecules can 1.change by mistake in DNA replication
2. effects of environmental agents

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14
Q

how does life adapts

A

through EVOLUTION

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15
Q

WHAT IS THE REASON BEHIND POSSIBILITY OF EVOLUTION

A

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION

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16
Q

HOW DOES POPULATION CHANGE OVER THE COURSE OF MANY GENERATIONS

A

BECAUSE EVOLUTION HAPPENS IN POPULATION RATHER THAN INDIVIDUALS

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17
Q

WHAT CHARACTERISTICS OF LIFE ARE CHANGED DURING EVOLUTION

A

PHYSICAL
CHEMICAL
BEHAVIOURAL

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18
Q

BENEFITS OF EVOLUTION?

A

IT PROMOTES SURVIVAL RATE AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS

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19
Q

DEFINE POLYMORPHISM
GIVE EXAMPLE

A

MORPHS OF A SINGLE SPECIES
EX. Dalmatian wall lizard, several colour morphs in males

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20
Q

how are cells produced

A

by division of pre existing cells

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21
Q

what is the chemical unity of cells

A

cells having basically the same chemical composition

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22
Q

_______% of the body mass of plants and _____% of the body mass of mammals are composed of water

A

80-90% plants
50-60% of mammals

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23
Q

what are the 4 vital elements that comprise the bodies of organisms

A

oxygen
hydrogen
carbon
nitrogen

24
Q

_______ is the vital element in all proteins

A

nitrogen

25
Q

name the vital elements that comprise of the 2% of body mass

A

calcium
phosphorus
chlorine
sodium
potassium
magnesium
sulphur

26
Q

______ and _______ are the components of skeletons and shells of animals

A

calcium (Ca)
phosphorus (p)

27
Q

WHICH VITAL ELEMENT IS VERY IMP FOR ACTION POTENTIAL, NERVE STIMULI

A

SODIUM

28
Q

WHICH VITAL ELEMENTS ARE THE KEY REGULATORS OF WATER MOVEMENT AND ELECTRICAL CURRENT ACROSS THE SURFACE OF MANY CELLS

A

SODIUM
POTASSIUM

29
Q

All living organisms require __________ elements which compromise of <0,01% of body mass

A

trace elements

30
Q

name some trace elements

A

chromium
cobalt
copper
fluorine
iodine
iron
manganese
selenium

31
Q

which trace element is useful for animals like bear and toxic for plants

A

aluminium
in bears-possible co factor for chemical reactions in animals, toxic in plants

32
Q

______ contain nitrogen atom In their structure

A

proteins and nucleic acids

33
Q

________ are the highly specialized micro mules in living organisms, name them

A

biomolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

34
Q

which is the most abundant macromolecule

A

proteins

35
Q

_______ are not found in inanimate matter, if yes only 1-2 not all together.
give example

A

BIOMOLECULES
ex virus have protein coat and nucleic acids

36
Q

what is the building block of complex organisms

A

CELLS

37
Q

________ of life is levels of biological organization

A

hierarchy

38
Q

what is hierarchy of life

A

atoms and elements
molecules and macromolecules
cells
tissues
organ
organ system
organism
species
population
community
ecosystem
biosphere

39
Q

define population

A

localized group of individuals of the SAME SPECIES that can interbred and produce fertile offspring

40
Q

DEFINE COMMUNITY

A

all organism (assemblage of populations of diff species) that live in a particular area

41
Q

define ecosystem

A

all organisms in a specific area as well as the abiotic factors
can have one or more community+ physical environment

42
Q

define biosphere

A

the sum of all ecosystems

43
Q

on what basis can all forms of life be divides

A

bases on their cellular structure i.e. multicellular-unicellular

44
Q

OUT OF ALL THE R.O ORGANISMS WHICH ONE ARE UNICELLULAR?

A

YOGHURT BACTERIUM(bifidobacteria)
DEAD SEA BACTERIUM(halo bacteria)
green alga
amoeba
paramecium

45
Q

what is the cellular structure of green alga give examples?

A

can be either unicellular or multicellular
unicellular- micrasterias, green alga, volvox
multicellular- common filamentous alga, brown alga( ficus)

46
Q

which is the smallest known bacteria

A

mycoplasma genitalium
10e-7 mm

47
Q

protists are _____ than bacteria in size?

A

larger
0.8-100’s µm
some as large as 2000 µm= 2mm

48
Q

most bacteria are _____ in diameter and ______ in length

A

0.2µm diameter
2-8 µm length

49
Q

what is the smallest known virus?

A

porcine circovirus Type 1

50
Q

what is the length of most plants and animals?

A

ANIMAL: 5-30µm
PLANT: 10-100µm

51
Q

WHAY ARE UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS SMALL IN SIZE?

A

due to surface area to volume ratio

52
Q

typically the best cell shape is ? give example

A

circular
ex- Staphylococcus aureus

53
Q

how come bigger cell size affects the cell requirements in a decreasing way?

A

as cell size increases, their is a point when plasma membrane/cell membrane can not pass enough materials across it to meet the needs of increased cytoplasmic value

54
Q

what is the benefit of having cell to cell interaction?

A

better diffusion

55
Q

what cell elongations are seen in paramecium, amoeba and euglena

A

paramecium- cilia
amoeba- pseudopod
euglena- flagellum

56
Q

what bacteria is an exception with respect to size?

A

sulphur proteo- bacterium
750µm in diameter

57
Q

micrasterias is an example of _______

A

protists, green alga

58
Q

give an exception

A

BIO 121 (7 decks)

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