Module 24 Flashcards
Persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information
Memory
Recalling information, recognizing it, relearning it more easily on a later attempt
Evidence of Memory
Ebbingahaus found
The more time he practiced a list of nonsense syllables on day 1, the less time he required to relearn it on day 2
Psychologists use memory models to
Think and communicate
Process of getting information into the memory system
Encoding
The process of retaining encoded information over time
Storage
Process of getting information out of memory storage
Retrieval
Three stages in the Atkinson Shiffrin model
Sensory Memory
Short-term Memory
Long-term Memory
Involves newer understanding of short-term memory
Working memory
Conscious facts and experiences encoded through conscious, effortful processing
(Stuff you know you know)
Explicit Memory
Stuff you don’t know that you know, automatically take in
Implicit Memories
First stage in forming explicit memories
Sensory Memory
Picture-image memory
Ionic memory
Sound Memory
Echoic memory
Activated memory that holds a few items briefly
Short-term Memory
Newer understanding of short-term memory that stresses conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual spatial information
Working Memory
Organizing of items into familiar, manageable units, often occurs automatically
Chunking
Memory aids, especially techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices
Mnemonics
Organization of items into a few broad categories that are divided and subdivided into narrower concepts and facts
Hierarchies
Encoding is more effective when it is spread over time
Spacing Effect
Produces better long-term recall
Distributed practice
Produces speedy short-term learning and feelings of confidence
Massive practice
Encodes on a very basic level or a more intermediate level
Shallow Processing
Encodes semantically based on word meaning
Deep processing
