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Psychology > Module 15 > Flashcards

Module 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Newborn

A

Arrives with automatic reflex responses that support survival
Ex: Sucking, tonguing, swallowing, and breathing

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2
Q

Newborn

A

Cries to elicit help and comfort

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3
Q

Newborn

A

Searches for sights and sounds linked to other humans, especially mother

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4
Q

Brain cells

A

Are sculpted by heredity and experience

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5
Q

Birth

A

Neuronal growth spurt and synaptic pruning

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6
Q

3-6 Months

A

Rapid frontal lobe growth and continued growth into adolescence

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7
Q

Early Childhood

A

Critical period for some skills

Ex: Langauge and vision

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8
Q

Throughout Life

A

Learning changes brain tissue

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9
Q

Brain Maturation & Infant Memory

A

Infants are capable of learning and remembering. Infantile amnesia many reflect conscious memory

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10
Q

Motor Skills

A

Develop as nervous system and muscles mature and are guided by genes and influenced by environment.

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11
Q

25% walk by

A

11 Months

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12
Q

50% walk by

A

12 Months

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13
Q

90% walk by

A

15 Months

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14
Q

Piaget

A

Mind develops through series of universal, irreversible stages from simple reflexes to adult abstract reasoning.

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15
Q

Sensorimotor Stage

A

Birth to nearly 2 years

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16
Q

Tools for thinking and reasoning change with development

A

Adaptation, Assimilation, Accommodation

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17
Q

Preoperational Stage

A

About 2 to 7 years, child learns to use language but cannot perform concrete logic

18
Q

Conservation

A

Principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in shape

19
Q

Theory of Mind

A

Involves ability to read mental state of others

20
Q

Concrete Operational

A

(7 to 11 years
Children gain the mental operations that enable them to think logically about events
Begin to understand change in from before change in quantity, and simple math

21
Q

Formal Operational

A

(12 through Adulthood)
Children are no longer limited to concrete reasoning based on actual experience
Able to think abstractly

22
Q

Vygotsky and the Social Child

A

Children’s minds grow through interaction with the physical environment, age 7 children are able to think and solve problems with words

23
Q

Autism Spectrum Disorder

A

Impaired theory of mind, social deficiencies, and repetitive behaviors

24
Q

ASD

A

Underlying cause of ASD are attributed to poor communication among brain regions that facilitate theory of mind skills and genetic influences.
Reading faces and social signals is challenging

25
Q

ASD

A

Has differing levels of severity

26
Q

Infant Attachment

A

Emotional tie with another person, shown in young children by their seeking closeness to the caregiver, shows distress on separation.

27
Q

Stranger Anxiety

A

Fear of strangers that infants commonly display, beginning by about 8 months of age

28
Q

Critical Period

A

Optimal period early in the live of an organism when exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces normal development

29
Q

Imprinting

A

Process by which certain animals form strong attachments during early life

30
Q

Secure Attachment

A

Shown by 60% of infants
In their mothers presence, they are comfortable, when she leaves they become upset, when she returns, they seek contact with her

31
Q

Insecure Attachment

A

Infants avoid attachment or show insecure attachment, avoidance of trusting relationship, less likely to explore their mother, when she leaves they might cry loudly and remain upset

32
Q

Avoidantly Attached

A

Do not notice or care about mothers departure or return

33
Q

Self Concept

A

An understanding and evaluation of who were are, emerges gradually

34
Q

6 Months

A

Self-awareness begins with self-recognition in mirror (darwin)

35
Q

15-18 Months

A

Schema of how face should look apparent

36
Q

School Age

A

More detailed descriptions of gender

37
Q

8-10 years

A

Self-image stable by 8-10 years

38
Q

Parenting styles reflect varying degrees of control

A

Baumrind

39
Q

Authoritative Parents

A

Tend to have children with the highest self-esteem, self-reliance, and social competence

40
Q

Permissive Parents

A

Tend to have children who are more aggressive and immature

41
Q

Authoritarian Parents

A

Tend to have children with less social skills and self-esteem

42
Q

Culture

A

Cultural values vary from place to place and from one time to another within the same place

Psychology (10 decks)

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