MODULE 2.2

Question 1

Where in the atmosphere is ozone located and what happens when UV radiation hits ozone?

Answer 1

In the stratosphere; Ozone will split but will find another O atom and reform.

Question 2

Atmosphere ______________ off harmful UV radiation and transmits ______________.

Answer 2

filters; mostly visible and infrared light

Question 3

What are the elements and compounds present in volcanic eruptions?

Answer 3

Ash (C), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Sulfuric Acid (H2SO4)

Question 4

What are the elements and compounds present in forest fires?

Answer 4

Ash (C), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Question 5

consists of smoke, fog, sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, ash, soot from coal production; term originated in London (1905); occurs in cold, damp air

Answer 5

London Smog

Question 6

Coal consists of mainly ___________ but contains 3% ___________ and other varying amounts of mineral matter.

Answer 6

carbon, sulfur

Question 7

This is the umbrella term for sulfur oxides and was the root cause of the London Smog

Answer 7

SOx gases

Question 8

also called Los Angeles smog; occurs during dry, sunny weather; stemming from unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides from automobiles

Answer 8

Photochemical Smog

Question 9

Umbrella term for nitorgen oxides and comes from automobile exhausts and from power plants that burn fossil fuels; responsible for the color amber in polluted areas.

Answer 9

NOx gases

Question 10

Ozone in the troposphere is bad because it ______________.

Answer 10

it is a powerful oxidizing agent

Question 11

What are the effects of NOx in the stratosphere?

Answer 11

In 1970 Crutzen showed that naturally occurring nitrogen oxides in the stratosphere catalytically react with ozone

Question 12

Who showed that CFCS destroy ozone?

Answer 12

Rowland and Molina in 1974

Question 13

These CFCs are unreactive in the troposphere and are insoluble in water, hence they are not washed by rain.

Answer 13

CFCl3 (Freon-11) and CF2Cl2 (Freon-12)

Question 14

These CFCs are unreactive in the troposphere and are insoluble in water, hence they are not washed by rain.

Answer 14

CFCl3 (Freon-11) and CF2Cl2 (Freon-12)

Question 15

CFCs are harmless in the ______________ where they are stable and diffuse into the ______________ where they become reactive.

Answer 15

troposphere; stratosphere

Question 16

The erosion of the ozone layer was first discovered in ______________ in ______________.

Answer 16

1985; Antarctica

Question 17

What were the signatories in 1987 that agreed to reduce CFC pollution?

Answer 17

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer

Question 18

What caused the ozone hole to split back then?

Answer 18

Unusual weather patterns

Question 19

Who were the scientists that won the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry?

Answer 19

1. Paul Crutzen
2. Mario Molina
3. Sherwood Rowland

Question 20

formed when pollutants called oxides of sulfur and nitrogen, react with the moisture in the atmosphere; has a pH of less than 5.6

Answer 20

Acid Rain

Question 21

What are among the effects of acid rain on forests and vegetation?

Answer 21

• Increase acidity of the soil
• Acidic rain and snow has caused leaching of nutrients like Ca and MG from the soils.
• Increased aluminum concentrations
• fine absorbing roots of the trees uptake causing the roots of the trees uptake

Question 22

What are among the effects of acid rain in the aquatic systems?

Answer 22

• reduction in certain species of zooplankton, algae, and aquatic plants which will disrupt.
• as lake water becomes more acidic, aluminum begans to go into solution.
• Al is highly toxic to many species of aquatic life, and thus will largely contribute to the decline in aquatic populations.