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POLYMERS Flashcards

1
Q

substances containing a large number of structural units joined by the same type of linkage; almost everything used by modern man.

A

Polymers

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2
Q

Polymers are ____________ (in relation to size).

A

Macromolecules

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3
Q

simplest chemical unit

A

Monomer

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4
Q

method of making polymers by chemically combining monomers via covalent bonds; resulting polymers do not always keep the properties of monomers.

A

Polymerization

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5
Q

repeating unit after polymers are formed

A

Segmer

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6
Q

Longer chains make polymers _____________

A

stronger

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7
Q

What are the properties that decrease the weight of polymers?

A

Transition temperature, viscosity, mechanical properties

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8
Q

measures the force needed to snap a polymer

A

Tensile strength

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9
Q

temperature at which a polymer experiences a change from crystalline to semi-crystalline state

A

Glass transition temperature

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10
Q

polymer is brittle, hard, and rigid, similar to glass in this state

A

glassy state (crystalline)

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11
Q

polymer chains wiggle around each other in this state, making it more flexible and softer

A

rubbery state (non-crystalline)

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12
Q

these polymers are formed by either addition polymerization or condensation polymerization

A

Natural Polymers

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13
Q

most versatile polymer in nature; most basic type and is found in almost all organisms; can function as catalysts/enzymes

A

Proteins and polypeptides

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14
Q

This is a type of protein that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

A

Hemoglobin

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15
Q

protein found in connective tissues of the human skin; keeps the skin smooth by creating an elastic layer underneath

A

Collagen

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16
Q

composed of glucose monomers; polymer of monosaccharide glucose via condensation polymerization; classified with the carbohydrate food groups, along with grains and potatoes

A

Starch

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17
Q

occurs naturally and synthetically; artificially creating long chains of styrene

A

Latex

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18
Q

these used to be made of ivory from elephant tusks which was too expensive and almost caused the extinction of elephants

A

Billiard Balls

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19
Q

Who attempted to find a substitute to ivory billiard balls?

A

Phelan and Collender, prompted by a reward of $10,000

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20
Q

Who developed a substitute and kicked off the polymer industry?

A

John Wesley Hyatt

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21
Q

very first semisynthetic polymer derived from the chemical modification of a natural polymer (cellulose)

A

Celluloid

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22
Q

this new material can be molded to billiard balls and is also used as movie film

A

Cellulose nitrate

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23
Q

these polymers are made from small molecules instead of modifying large ones; artificial polymers, “plastics”

A

Synthetic polymers

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24
Q

known as polyamides which are amide backbones; hydrophilic and was produced in 1935 by _____________________ at DuPont’s research facility.

A

Nylon; Wallace Carothers

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25
third of the most produced plastic; widely used in construction, plumbing, flooring, and siding; stronger and cheaper than copper and iron; replaced rubber
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
26
from synthesizing the ethylene polymer; thermoplastic commonly used in households; found in plastic bags, trays, and general purpose containers
Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE)
27
thermoplastic used for lab equipment, textiles, reusable containers, stationery and packaging
Polypropylene
28
first synthetic polymer done in 1909
phenol-formaldehyde resin
29
What are the two classifications of polymers according to its heat resistance
1. Thermoplastic polymer 2. Thermoset polymer
30
softened by heat and reformed repeatedly
Thermoplastic polymers
31
harden permanently when formed; cannot be softened by heat and remolded
Thermoset polymers
32
What are the three classifications according to IMFs?
1. Fibers 2. Elastomers 3. Plastics
33
have strong IMFs and have a regular shape (linear), meaning it packs well in solid (e.g. Nylon 66)
Fibers
34
weak IMFs and irregular shape; do not pack well in solid (e.g. Rubber)
Elastomers
35
intermediate IMFs (not too strong/weak); not so linear but also not so irregularly shaped (e.g. PVC, PE)
Plastics
36
What are the two types according to mode of synthesis?
1. Addition polymerization 2. Condensation polymerization
37
building blocks (monomer) add to one another in such a way that the polymeric product contains all of the atoms of the starting material
Addition polymerization
38
portion of the monomer molecule is not incorporated, rather, it is split out instead
Condensation Polymerization
39
Monomer contains ______________
1 or more double bonds
40
Dimers have ____ monomers.
2
41
Polymers are named after the ______________.
monomers
42
What is the polymer of ethylene? What is it used for?
Polyethylene for squeeze bottles, bags
43
What is the polymer of propylene?
Polypropylene
44
What is the polymer of propylene? What is it used for?
Polypropylene for bottles, luggage
45
What is the polymer of vinyl chloride? What is it used for?
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) for floor tile, pipe, raincoat
46
What is the polymer of acrylonitrile? What is it used for?
Polyacrylonitrile for rugs, fabrics
47
What is the polymer of styrene? What is it used for?
Polystyrene for food and drink containers
48
What is the polymer of methyl methacrylate? What is it used for?
Polymethylmethacrylate for plexiglass contact lens
49
What is the polymer of tetrafluoroethylene? What is it used for?
Polytetrafluoroethylene (teflon) for pan coatings, gaskets
50
What are the three kinds of polyethylene according to density?
1. High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) 2. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) 3. Linear Low Density Polyethylene (LLDPE)
51
have largely linear molecules that pack closely together
HDPE
52
have a lot of side chains branching off the polymer molecules
LDPE
53
copolymer of ethylene with a higher alkene (e.g. 1-hexene)
LLDPE
54
What are the three types of polyethylene according to structure?
1. Linear 2. Branched 3. Crosslinked
55
discovered in 1970 and has alternating double and single bonds.
Conductive Polymers (e.g. polyacetylene)
56
natural polymer and came from searching synthetic substitute, which gave rise to the plastic industry
Rubber
57
discovered by Charles Goodyear in 1844; cross-linking of the chains of hydrocarbons with Sulfur atoms in order to make vulcanized rubber a harder, stronger substance to make it suitable for auto tires. This process also improves elasticity of rubber by making the polymer crosslinked.
Vulcanization
58
has only fair tensile strength and poor resistance to gasoline and oils
Synthetic Rubber from butadiene
59
has better oil and gas resistance; used for gasoline hoses
Neoprene from chloroprene
60
Parallel nylon chains are bound together through __________________ between amide groups.
hydrogen bonding
61
used to bind wood chips to form plywood
Urea-Formaldehyde
62
material for formica countertops
Melamine-Formaldehyde
63
lexan in bullet proof windows and helmets
Polycarbonates
64
foam rubber in cushion, mattresses
Polyurethanes
65
for adhesives and surface coatings
Epoxy resins
66
What are the two types of polymers according to backbone chain?
1. Organic 2. Inorganic
67
second most abundant biopolymer; large polysaccharide chain found in the exoskeleton of insects, shellfish, and cell walls of fungi; effective as an alternative source for bioplastics due to its appropriate mechanical strength and biodegradability.
Chitin
68
most abundant biopolymer, main structural component of plant cells; used for veterinary food, wood, paper, clothing material, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals; composed primarily of glucose monomers (e.g. paper, cotton)
Cellulose
69
inorganic polymer found naturally in dry lake beds; used in manufacturing borosilicate glass, enamels, and fire retardants
Sodium Tetraborate Decahydrate (Borax)
70
used in fireproofing and insulatkion applications; discontinued from being used due to the resulting lung cancer caused by prolonged exposure to the material
chrysotile or asbestos
71
used as lubricants, electrical insulators, and hydraulic fluids; water repellent; and is used to coat wool, silk, and other fabrics; heat stable and resistant to most chemicals, excellent water proofing material, used for synthetic body parts
Silicones
72
made up of high-strength fibers (glass, graphite, or ceramics) held together by a polymetric matrix; fiber reinforcement provides support; surrounding plastic protect fibers from breaking
Composites

CHEM 1 (6 decks)

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