MODULE 2 Flashcards
occurs when an excess of a substance generated by human activity is present in the wrong environmental location.
Pollution
mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
Atmosphere
mixture of gases that surrounds the Earth
Atmosphere
Rigid shell of the Earth about 100km thick; thin surface forms the Earth’s crust
Lithosphere
water portion of the biosphere
Hydrosphere
What are the examples of natural pollution?
- Volcanic Eruptions (Mt. Pinatubo)
- Forest Fires
- Smog (London, L.A.)
What are examples of human-induced pollution?
- Ozone Hole
- Acid Rain
- Coral Bleaching
- Global Warming
explains the properties and reactivities/stabilities of elements to form compounds.
Electronic Structure of Atoms
Dalton’s Atomic Theory (1803-1807)
- All matter consist of tiny particles called atoms (molecules)
1. Atoms are indestructible and unchangeable (false na)
2. Elements are made up of the same kind of atoms (false na)
3. Elements combine in simple whole number ratios (true)
4. A chemical reaction involves rearrangement of atoms (true)
_____________ discovered electrons in _____________ via _____________.
Thomson, 1990, cathode ray tube
The Nobel Prize in Physics 1923 was awarded to _____________ for _____________.
Robert A. Milikan, his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect
The Plum Pudding Model of Atom was developed by _____________ in _____________.
J.J. Thompson, 1904
Sphere of positive charges where negative charges are embedded
Plum Pudding Model of Atom
Majority of alpha particles penetrated the foil undeflected; some alpha particles experienced slight deflections; few (1 in 20,000) suffered serious deflections; few did not pass through the foil but bounced back in the direction from which they came.
Rutherford’s Observations
The atom is mostly empty space, positive charge is concentrated in a very small volume; the mass of the atom is concentrated in a very small volume; the mass of the atom is concentrated in this volume
Nucleus
This was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1922 as it was developed in 1913, electrons in an atom move around the nucleus in circular orbits.
Bohr: Orbital Model
This model has protons, neutrons, and electrons; electrons orbit around the nucleus which have protons and neutrons.
Bohr: Orbital Model
same atomic number but different atomic masses
Isotopes
This earned the Nobel Prize in Physics 1929; Developed by _________________ in _________________. He treated the electron as both wave and a particle.
Dual Nature of Electron; de Broglie, 1924
This won the Nobel Prize in Physics 1932. This postulates that the position and energy (momentum) of an electron cannot be measured accurately at a given time; attributed to _________________.
Uncertainty Principle; Werner Heisenberg.
They developed Schroedinger equation in _________________, based on quantum mechanics. They were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics 1933 for _________________.
1933; the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory
pictorial representation of Schrodinger equation; each orbital contains 2 electrons.
Atomic orbitals
order of orbitals (s,p,d,f)
AUFBAU principle
In a given atom, no two electrons can have the same set of quantum numbers.
Pauli’s Exclusion Principle
