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IT Theory Grade 10 > Module 2.1 > Flashcards

Module 2.1 Flashcards

refer to diagrams and tables in textbook

1
Q

what are the 2 main parts of a computer

A

hardware and software

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2
Q

hardware

A

refers to all the parts of a computer that you can physically touch

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3
Q

software

A

refers to the programs (sets of instructions) that tell the computer what to do

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4
Q

examples of hardware

A

screen, keyboard, all the cables and components

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5
Q

why is a computer a system

A

it is an arrangement of many parts that work together

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6
Q

what is the basic model of the computer

A

input -> processing -> output

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7
Q

what is a computer

A

multipurpose electronic tool that can receive data (input), can process the data, can produce results and output them

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8
Q

why can a computer follow the IPO model

A

someone has loaded prewritten instructions which tells it exactly what must be done

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9
Q

information

A

result of processing of data and should be useful and meaningful

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9
Q

data

A

raw, unprocessed facts

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10
Q

input devices

A

allow us to get data into the computer

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11
Q

examples of input devices

A

keyboard and mouse

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12
Q

output devices

A

allow us to get feedback from the computer

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13
Q

example of output device

A

screen, printer and speaker

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14
Q

storage devices

A

allow computer keep instructions and data that it is not currently working on, so they can be accessed and used when needed

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15
Q

examples of storage device

A

hard drive, CD, DVD, flash disks

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16
Q

processor/ CPU

A

part of computer that executes the instructions (software), processes the data and manages and controls all the other parts of the computer

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17
Q

examples of CPU manufacturer

A

Intel

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18
Q

memory

A

place where computer temporarily stores those sets of instructions and data it is currently working with. Programs and data cannot be processed unless temporarily loaded into memory

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19
Q

RAM

A

random access memory

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20
Q

communication devices

A

allows computers to communicate with each other

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21
Q

examples of communication devices

A

routers, modems, switches

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22
Q

what has to be done for a program to be used

A

transferred from storage to memory (‘loaded’)

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23
Q

where must the data be stored if the computer wants to work with it

A

memory

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24
Q

how to make memory permanent (save)

A

transfer them to storage or save

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25
Q

what instructions does the software provide

A

instructions to make it possible for computer to carry out tasks

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26
Q

what are the two categories of software

A

system and application

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27
Q

system software

A

software used manage and control the operation of the computer and you can not use a computer without it

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28
Q

most common example of system software

A

operating system

29
Q

application software

A

whole set of additional programs that allow you to use the computer to do many different things

30
Q

examples of application software

A

word processor, spreadsheet, databasis, etc

31
Q

properties of software distribution which relates to the advantages and disadvantages

A

-cost
-ownership
-right to make changes and improvements to the software

32
Q

open source software

A

software made available with a license that allows you to access and modify the source code but not sell the software - changes go to the community which uses the software

33
Q

advantages of OSS

A

-no/low cost
-access to source code
-freedom to adapt/change software to suit your needs
-access to community of users/support

34
Q

disadvantages of OSS

A

-no one hold accountable for glitches & shortcomings
-risk of poor support
-higher skills needed if want use to full potential
-various ‘varieties’ same software can arise

35
Q

example of OSS

A

linux

36
Q

proprietary software

A

software owned by a company - never get source code- only ever license the software, never own it. license outlines conditions under which you may install and use the software

37
Q

disadvantages of proprietary software

A

-cost
-expensive
-cannot add features
-cannot fix simple bug

38
Q

advantages of proprietary software

A

-someone hold responsible should the software not work how it was meant to

39
Q

3 types of proprietary software

A

-shrinkware
-shareware
-freeware

40
Q

shrinkware

A

what you buy in stores, software in boxes sealed with shrink wrap

41
Q

characteristics of shrinkware

A

-may not be copied
-generally used on only one computer

42
Q

shareware

A

download & copy/share with friends

43
Q

characteristics of shareware

A

-limited in features/time
-uses free trials
-cheaper than shrinkware because you dont have to ay a middle man

44
Q

freeware

A

download & copy/share with friends

45
Q

characteristics of shareware

A

differs from OSS as it is free but cannot access source code`

46
Q

what is meant by greater processing power

A

process more data and run programs and retrieve information more quickly

47
Q

what is referred to as ‘powerful’ in computer terms

A
  • speed & performance of CPUs
  • amount of storage space
  • size of memory ( larger memory, more programs & data loaded process at any one time)
48
Q

servers

A

powerful computers that are used in network environment to help ‘run’ a network of linked computers, not used by users directly used supply services connected and users on network

49
Q

consumer tablets

A

small portable devices designed to be controlled through touch screen interfaces which have wifi, bluetooth communication built in

50
Q

examples of consumer tablets

A

iPad, galaxy tab, Playbook, Xoom, HP Touchpad

51
Q

tablet PCs

A

normal laptop style computers that have an ability to work with a stylus which are more expensive than consumer tablets and laptops and have lower battery life (not sold well)

52
Q

dedicated devices are also known as

A

embedded systems

53
Q

use of sever

A

providing services to users in a network

54
Q

use of desktop, laptop, notebook, netbook, Tablet PC

A

productive work and use of application allow one be creative

55
Q

use of consumer tablet

A

use digital content, access web & email, create documents, play games

56
Q

smartphone

A

mobile access to connectivity and services

57
Q

advantages of using computers

A

-fast and accurate
-good at repetitive tasks
-do not get tired/complain/demand increase pay
-multi-purpose
-enable faster communication
-excellent at keeping records
-allow various methods to process and analyse data

58
Q

disadvantages of using computers

A

-only as good as they are used and the data that is fed to them
-only used limited number physical applications
-very expensive
-can not think/solve problems
-need trained & skilled programmers and operators
-quickly outdated
-may need specialised program to fix a problem

59
Q

ICT system

A

combination of hardware, software, data, processes and people with purpose to collect, manipulate, convey, store and retrieve data and information

60
Q

information

A

manipulated or processed data

61
Q

communication

A

process of transferring data/information from one place to another

62
Q

technology

A

-system technologies (hardware & software)
-communication technologies (networks & communication devices)
-Internet technologies (internet, WWW, e-communication)

63
Q

data warehousing

A

how to securely store, manage & retrieve such large amounts of data

64
Q

data mining

A

how to process and analyse this data looking for valuable information that you did not know was there

65
Q

why does large chains need efficient data communications

A

link all separate locations together and gather data from each store to a central point for efficient managing and planning

66
Q

aspects of system make supermarket chain work

A

-POS systems use barcodes & scanning make process adding total bill faster and more efficient
-scanning more accurate & prevents errors in capture of prices if someone type
-allows scanned items removed from computerised database of what is in stock (better inventory management)
-data sent head office stock ordering and management decisions made efficiently
-

67
Q

what an ICT system allows a supermarket chain to do

A

-order only right amount of stock when needed
-find which items not selling and remove from shelves
-track sales know what sells well in different stores
-build database after couple years analyse trends

68
Q

what do cell phone companies use an ICT system for

A

-contracts
-ensuring adequate supplies & stock of cellphones
-generating finance for expansion and maintenance
-tracking and billing call durations, SMSs, data transfers, free time talk, expiry

69
Q

what can the data collected by a cellphone company tell you

A

-list how many calls made to which numbers and for how long
-total number minutes used and to bill you
-total amount data transferred and bill you

70
Q

POS system

A

point of sale system - specialised software and hardware designed used at the till point which manages stock and creates reports when stock is sols

IT Theory Grade 10 (14 decks)

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