Module 2 - You and Your Audience Flashcards

1
Q

What is perception?

A

the process of making meaning from what we experience in the world around us

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2
Q

What is interpersonal perception?

A

applying the process of perception to people to make meaning out of our and others’ behavior

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3
Q

What are the 3 stages of perception?

A

Selection, Organization, and Interpretation

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4
Q

What is selection?

A

the process of paying attention to a stimulus

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5
Q

What is salience?

A

How much a stimulus grabs our attention (highly salient = catching attention, low salience = doesn’t catch attention)

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6
Q

What factors contribute to salience?

A

(1) Expected or not; (2) Stimulating; (3) Meets needs/interests

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7
Q

What is organization?

A

Mentally organizing stimulus into categories

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8
Q

What 3 characteristics do we organize stimulus by?

A

(1) Similarities; (2) Differences; (3) Proximity

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9
Q

What is interpretation?

A

Making meaning out of the stimulus based on notions/schema (schemata is the singular) like filing cabinets

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10
Q

What are schemata?

A

Mental frameworks that we use for organizing and interpreting information

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11
Q

What 3 things affect our perceptions of people?

A

(1) experience with the person; (2) knowledge of the person; (3) closeness with the person

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12
Q

What are the 4 types of perceptual schema that we use to classify info we notice about others?

A

(1) physical constructs; (2) role constructs; (3) interaction constructs; (4) psychological constructs

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13
Q

What are physical constructs?

A

Looks, physical appearance

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14
Q

What are role constructs?

A

Their role in your life (friend, coach, parent, etc.)

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15
Q

What are interaction constructs

A

Their behaviors and what they mean

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16
Q

What are psychological constructs?

A

Their thoughts, emotions, etc.

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17
Q

What is misperception?

A

Misunderstanding/misinterpreting something

18
Q

What factors influence perception accuracy?

A

Culture, stereotypes, primacy and recency effects, perceptual sets

19
Q

What is culture?

A

A community with a shared way of life, customs, norms, beliefs, symbols, language, etc.

20
Q

What is co-culture?

A

Smaller groups within cultures that have a shared similarity (ex. Warrior fans)

21
Q

How does culture influence perception?

A

Might not understand someone else’s culture and misinterpret their behaviors, intentions, etc.

22
Q

What are stereotypes?

A

Generalizations about a group that can have a powerful influence on how we perceive others (can be problematic)

23
Q

What is the 3 part process of stereotyping someone/something?

A

(1) schema/perception; (2) recall schema; (3) apply generalization to new person/thing

24
Q

How do stereotypes influence perception?

A

Can lead to inaccurate /offensive perceptions of others

25
What is the Primacy Effect?
The idea that the first impression leaves the strongest impact and sets the tone for future interactions
26
What is the Recency Effect?
The idea that the most recent interaction leaves the strongest impression
27
What are perceptual sets?
Predispositions to perceive only what we want/expect; bias (ex. broccoli tasted bad once, don't think broccoli dishes will taste good)
28
What are attributions?
Explanations of an observed behavior (use to help us perceive world around us)
29
What are the 3 dimensions of attributiosn?
(1) Locus; (2) Stability; (3) Controllability
30
What is locus?
Where the cause of the behavior is located (internal vs. external locus)
31
What is the difference between internal and external locus?
Internal is doing things because you want to; external is doing things because of another thing is making you
32
What is stability?
Whether the cause is stable or unstable (happens consistently or not once)
33
What is controllability?
Whether the cause was in our control or not
34
What is the Self-Serving Bias?
Tendency to attribute successes to personal, internal causes, but failures to external causes
35
What is Fundamental Attribution Error?
Attributing other people's behavior to internal rather than external causes
36
What is self-concept?
Identity; composed of stable perceptions of who you are
37
What is looking glass self?
Part of how we see ourselves is through how others see us
38
What 3 ways does self-concept influence communication?
(1) self monitoring; (2) self-fulfilling prophecy; (3) self-esteem
39
What is self monitoring?
Being aware of how you look/sound to others (high monitoring = care a lot; low monitoring = don't care a lot)
40
What is Self-Fulfilling Prophecy?
Making predictions about the future and then fulfilling those predictions
41
What is Self-Esteem?
Subjective evaluation of your value and worth as a person