Module 2- Water Flashcards
when is the greatest water intake
during & after feeding
how can water be toxic?
too much water too quickly can cause swelling of the brain
2 basic functions of water
1) metabolism
2) thermoregulation
water is a ( ) solvent
universal
functions of water during metabolism (3)
1) transport nutrients & waste products
2) chemical reactions
3) cushioning/lubrication of organs
what nutrient produces the most metabolic water
fat
functions of water in hydrolysis (2)
- peptide bond formation releases water
- water is required to break down bond
glucose oxidation reaction
glucose + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
core body temp
37-39
forms of heat loss (2)
1) evaporative: cutaneous & respiratory
- sweating & panting
2) non-evaporative: conduction, convection & radiation
conduction
heat loss directly from 1 object to another
convection
air blowing across skin & taking heat out with it
radiation
loss of heat through electromagnetic rays from skin cells
high specific heat capacity
1 cal/g of water to raise temo by 1 C
heat thermal conductivity
heat transfer from deep body tissues to surface
high latent heat of vaporization
581 cal of heat to convert 1g of water from liquid to vapour
- panting, sweating = efficient ways to lose eat
specific heat capacity of water
0.50 cal/gram C
latent heat of vaporization of water
580 cal/gram
T or F: fatty tissue contains lots of water
F
T or F: muscles contain lots of water
T
older animals have ( ) water & ( ) fat
less, more
T or F: there is water storage in the body
F
T or F: body maintains a constant level of water
T
2 effects of non-constant levels of water in body
1) edema
2) diarrhoea
3 sources of water for livestock
1) drinking water
2) water contained in feed
3) metabolic water
what % of water does silage have
55-65%
what 2 feedstuffs have the least amounts of water?
hay & oats
2 major factors of water consumption
1) age
2) physiological state
why do lactating animals drink higher amounts of water?
bc milk is 87-88% water so they need it for milk production
what 6 factors affect water requirements?
1) environmental temp
2) water content of diet
3) amount & type of feed consumed
4) temperature of the water
5) physiological state
6) health status
dairy cattle prefer ( ) water temp
high
why do animals with diarrhea have a higher water requirement?
animal is losing water through fecal content
T or F: animals fed hay will consume more water than those fed silage due to the lower water content in hay
T
water intake & forage moisture of the feed are ( ) correlated
negatively
as ambient temperature goes up, so does ( )
water intake
list 3 symptoms of water deprivation
1) increased body temp
2) increased respiration
3) sunken eyes
how to measure water intake
in-line water meters & water content of ration
4 features of good quality water
1) clear & colourless
2) low total solids
3) no disease organisms or pesticides
4) no undesirable flavour or odor
organoleptic properties
odour & taste
how will water intake change if adding more protein to the diet?
increase bc will need to excrete more excess AA which will be catabolized into urea which is excreted in urine
why is water a universal solvent
a wide variety of compounds are soluble in water
why does salt increase water intake?
to maintain electrolyte balance
T or F: high specific heat capacity minimizes changes in intracellular temp
T
as more skeletal muscle is deposited, what happens to water content?
it increases
