Key concepts Flashcards
GE=
FE- DE
GE sample =
HE x (T2-T1) / sample wt
HE =
GE x sample wt / (T2-T1)
DE =
GE - FE
ME=
DE- GE - FE - UE
ME coefficient =
ME/GE
NE =
ME - HI
NE =
GE- FE - UE - HI
NE coefficient =
NE/GE
TDN =
DCP + DCF + DNFE + 2.25(DEE)
Apparent fecal or ileal digestibility
AA intake - AA feces / AA intake
True ileal digestibility
AA intake - (AA ileum - AA endogenous) / AA intake
% nutrient =
wt of residue / wt of sample x 100
NFE =
100 - proximate analysis fractions
100 - (%CP + %EE + %CF + %Ash + %H2O)
As fed -> DM basis
100 - moisture % = %DM
nutrient x 100 / DM %
As fed -> DM basis
100 - moisture % = DM %
nutrient x DM % / 100
DM digestibility =
(DM intake - DM output) / DM intake
indicator DM digestibility =
(indicator in feed) / (indicator in feces) X 100
specific nutrient digestibility
100 - (%indicator in feed x % nutrient in feces) / (%indicator in feces x % nutrient in feed)
True digestibility =
nutrient intake - (nutrient output - nutrient of endogenous origin) / nutrient intake
NDF digestibility
100 - (marker in feed x feces NDF) / (marker in feces x feed NDF)
IVDMD =
100 x [initial dry sample wt - residue - blank ] / initial dry sample wt
cellulose linkage
b (1,4)
hemicellulose linkage
b (1,4)
starch linkage
a (1,4)
amylose linkage
a (1,4)
amylopectin linkage
a (1,4) + a (1,6)
lactose linkage
b (1,4)
maltose linkage
a (1,4)
amylose is (slowly/rapidly) digested and (branched/unbranched)
slowly, unbranched
2 Ts + 1A in the essential AA
Tryptophan, Threonine, arginine
endogenous vs exogenous proteins
end- sloughed off epithelial cells
exo-derived in diet
what % of protein is found in skeletal muscle
40%
endopeptidases vs exopeptidases
endo- digest from middle
exo- digest from OH end
glutamine is ( ) to form ( )
deaminated, glutamate
glutamate is ( ) to form
transaminated, a-ketoglutarate
2 mechanisms of amino acid absorption
1) passive transfusion
2) transporters
T or F: transamination reactions release free ammonia
F- only deamination does
transamination of branched chain AA in skeletal muscle results in the production of what 2 things?
glutamine & glutamate
alanine glucose cycle
branched chain AA under go transamintion to produce glutamine, then alanine
alanine function
transport amino group from skeletal muscle -> liver
- releases free ammonia
what is the link between the TCA & urea cycle?
oxaloacetate
how many N enter the urea cycle? where do each come from?
2
- 1 from GI tract
- 1 from glutamine & glutamate
where is RUP digested
small intestine
RDP components
NPN + true protein
NPN fate in rumen
produce ammonia
true protein fate in rumen
degraded to AA & small peptides
bacteria is ( ) as N source and protozoa use ( )
ammonia, bacteria
2 types of urea transporters
1) facilitated
2) aquaporins
purpose of urea recycling
source of N for microbes when N consumption is limiting
more ATP = ( ) ammonia absorbed
less
a more alkaline pH = ( ) ammonia absorbed
more
denatured proteins are ( ) degradable
less
acidic environment ( ) degradation
decreases
smaller particles are ( ) degraded
more
primary structure
AA sequence
3D structure is the ( ) structure of a protein
tertiary
