Module 2- Unit 2 - Chapter 4 Cell Function and Inheritance

Question 1

The Law of Dominance:

Answer 1

If one parent has two copies of allele A – the dominant allele – and the second parent has two copies of allele a– the recessive allele – then the offspring will inherit an Aa genotype and display the dominant phenotype.

Question 2

The Law of Segregation:

Answer 2

A parent may have two distinct alleles, these two alleles will be separated from each other during meiosis.

Question 3

The Law of Independent Assortment:

Answer 3

the traits inherited through one gene will be inherited independently of the traits inherited through another gene because the genes reside on different chromosomes that are independently assorted into daughter cells during meiosis.

Question 4

Alleles:

Answer 4

alternate forms of a gene; one from each parent.

Question 5

Recessive traits

Answer 5

are only expressed when two copies (homozygous) of the recessive allele are present.

Question 6

Dominant traits

Answer 6

are expressed when either one (heterozygous) or two (homozygous) copies of the dominant allele is present.

Question 7

Carrier

Answer 7

A person who is heterozygous for a recessive trait and does not manifest the trait

Question 8

Genotyope

Answer 8

what you cells look like (e.g. bb)

Question 9

Phenotype

Answer 9

what YOU look like (brown eyes)

Question 10

Polygenic inheritance

Answer 10

involves multiple genes at different loci, with each gene exerting a small effect in determining a trait

Question 11

Homozygous:

Answer 11

Persons in whom the two alleles of a given pair are the same (AA or aa)

Question 12

Heterozygous:

Answer 12

Persons having different alleles (Aa) at a gene locus

Question 13

Penetrance:

Answer 13

The percentage in a population with a particular genotype in which the genotype is phenotypically manifested

Question 14

Expressivity:

Answer 14

The way the gene is expressed