Module 2 - Unit 2 - Chapter 3 Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death

Question 1

Hyperplasia:

Answer 1

increase in number of cells; think mitosis

Question 2

Metaplasia

Answer 2

replacement of adult cells - think change in cells d/t a stimulus

Question 3

Dysplasia:

Answer 3

initial deranged cellular growth of a specific tissue without initial insult - think dysfunctional initial growth

Question 4

Atrophy:

Answer 4

decrease in cell size

Question 5

Hypertrophy

Answer 5

increase in cell size

Question 6

Lactation hyperplasia

Answer 6

during pregnancy women will experience a hormonal driven increase in breast size.

Question 7

Endometrial hyperplasia

Answer 7

increasing thickness of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus).
Caused by excessive estrogen. (Not a cancer but may lead to cancer).

Question 8

Focal epithelial hyperplasia (also known as Heck’s disease)

Answer 8

A wart-like growth in the mucous tissues of the mouth
Caused by HPV

Question 9

Airway metaplasia

Answer 9

cigarette smoke

Question 10

Bladder metaplasia

Answer 10

bladder stones

Question 11

Myelodysplastic syndrome:

Answer 11

Cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and therefore do not become healthy blood cells

Question 12

Fibrous dysplasia of bone:

Answer 12

where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion

Question 13

Autophagy

Answer 13

“self - eat” meaning removal of damaged organelles within the cell common in atrophy

Question 14

Heterophagy

Answer 14

“different - eat” eat and digest substances phagocytose from the external environment - common is when cells eat neutrophils and macrophages

Question 15

Pathologic calcifications

Answer 15

abn disposition of calcium salts with other small amounts of iron, magnesium, and other mineral salts

Question 16

Dystrophic calcification

Answer 16

macroscopic deposition of calcium salts in injured tissues

Question 17

Metastatic calficiation

Answer 17

deposition of salts in rather normal tissue, which can come from hypercalcemia r/t excess calcium release from dysfunctional metabolic processes (e..g, hyperparathyroidism, CKD, bone mineralization diseases)