Module 2 - Unit 2 - Chapter 3 Cellular Adaptation, Injury, and Death Flashcards
Hyperplasia:
increase in number of cells; think mitosis
Metaplasia
replacement of adult cells - think change in cells d/t a stimulus
Dysplasia:
initial deranged cellular growth of a specific tissue without initial insult - think dysfunctional initial growth
Atrophy:
decrease in cell size
Hypertrophy
increase in cell size
Lactation hyperplasia
during pregnancy women will experience a hormonal driven increase in breast size.
Endometrial hyperplasia
increasing thickness of the endometrium (the lining of the uterus).
Caused by excessive estrogen. (Not a cancer but may lead to cancer).
Focal epithelial hyperplasia (also known as Heck’s disease)
A wart-like growth in the mucous tissues of the mouth
Caused by HPV
Airway metaplasia
cigarette smoke
Bladder metaplasia
bladder stones
Myelodysplastic syndrome:
Cancers in which immature blood cells in the bone marrow do not mature and therefore do not become healthy blood cells
Fibrous dysplasia of bone:
where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion
Autophagy
“self - eat” meaning removal of damaged organelles within the cell common in atrophy
Heterophagy
“different - eat” eat and digest substances phagocytose from the external environment - common is when cells eat neutrophils and macrophages
Pathologic calcifications
abn disposition of calcium salts with other small amounts of iron, magnesium, and other mineral salts
Dystrophic calcification
macroscopic deposition of calcium salts in injured tissues
Metastatic calficiation
deposition of salts in rather normal tissue, which can come from hypercalcemia r/t excess calcium release from dysfunctional metabolic processes (e..g, hyperparathyroidism, CKD, bone mineralization diseases)
