Module 2-TOP MEDICATIONS-WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW: Part I Flashcards by Mark Fleisher

?????~~ending “—pril “
— used in
-CAD,
-CHF,
-hypertension,
-diabetes with kidney disease,
-chronic kidney disease

ANGIOTENSIN converting enzyme inhibitor

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????~~~ending “-sartan”
-Used in C.AD,CHF, hypertension, diabetes with kidney disease
some are combined with diuretic eg. Diovan)
-Often used inpatient who developed a cough to ACE inhibitors
-Ending in” sartan)

Angiotensin receptor blockers

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BPMH

“ Best possible” medication history

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CAD

Coronary artery disease

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CHF

Congestive heart failure

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COPD

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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DOACs

Direct oral anticoagulants

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DVT

Deep venous thrombosis
DVT- blood clots in legs or arms

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GERD

Gastroesophageal reflux disease

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gastrointestinal

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HTN

hypertension ( high blood pressure)

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HCTZ

Hydrochlorothiazide(
(Microzide, Hydrodiuril)

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INR

International normalized ratio

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NPH

Neutral protamine Hagedorn

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Pulmonary embolism
(Fluid in the lungs)

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PVD

Peripheral vascular disease

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What is for?
-Alpha-Adrenergic Agonist: example -clonodine
-Angiotension converting enzyme inhibitor. (ACE-I)
-Angiotension receptor blocker (ARBs)
-Arteriolar vasodilator
-Beta-Blockers
-Calcium channel blockers
-Thiazides and Thiazide-like Diuretic

Medication classes: for high blood pressure

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HTN
- treatment:
Used in CAD (coronary artery disease), CHF (congested heart failure) hypertension, diabetes with kidney disease, chronic kidney disease, some combine with diabetic (e.g trade name zestoretic)
-End in “”pril”
-benazepril
-Captopril
-Enalapril
-lisinopril

CLASS :
- ACE-I (ace inhibitors) —(angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor)
Lotensin
Capoten
Vasotec
Prinivil/zestril

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Treatment:
-Used CAD;CHF, hypertension, diabetes with kidney disease
-some are combined with diuretic(e.g. Trade name Diovan HCT)
-I’ll use in patient who developed a cough to ACE inhibitors
-Ending in “ -sartan”)
—candesartan
—irbesartan
—Losartan
—Valsartan

—

Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)
-Treatment in CHF, hypertension, CAD, diabetes with kidney disease
Atacand
Avapro
Cozaar
Diovan

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-used in CAD, CHF , hypertension, arterial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia ,”liver disease, tremor.
— some are long acting or extended release( e.g. L or CR at the end of the trade name)
— some are combined with a diuretic (e.g. bisoprolol/HCTZ)
— and in “-lol)
L

Hypertension:
BETA-BLOCKERS

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Ending in “-lol”
-atenolol ( ?)
-bisoprolol (?)
-t (?)meteprolol
-carvedilol (?)
-labetalol (?)
-nadolol(?)
Propanolol (?)

Beta blockers
-tenormin -IV and pills
-ZEBETA
-lopressor or toprol XL
-Coreg
-normodyne, trandate) IV or pills
- corgard
-inderal -IV or pills

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-used for hypertension, CAD,angina, atrial fibrillation
-they are long acting or extended release version(e.g. CD, CR, LA, XR, XT at the end of the trade name
-some end in “ —pine”
-amlodipine(?)
-nicardipine(?)
-nifedipine (?)
-diltiazem (?)
-verapamil(?)

CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER - Hypertension
-norvasc
-Carlene- IV and pills
-Adalat, procardia
Cardizem- IV or pills
Calandra, verelan —IV and pills

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-use for hypertension, heartfailure, and edema(swelling)
-Patient may refer to this as their “ water pills” because it makes them urinate
-Typically an in- “—azide” or “-one)
-hydrochlorothiazide (Microzide,hydrodiuril)
— ——abbreviate HCTZ
——— often combined with all the medication for blood pressure
-chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
-Metolazone (Zaroxolyn)

HTN: THIAZIDES AND THIAZIDE- like diuretic

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HTN: implication
-if a patient say that they are taking a medication for high blood pressure, but do not know the name of it
1- is this a water pill?
2-could be an ACE inhibitor?
3-could it be on?ARB? This medication are often giving to patient who developed a cough on ACE INHIBITORS THEY OFTEN END IN-?
4-could it be calcium channel blockers?? Some of this medication end in “-pine”

-First see if you can figure out what class is in
1- it is a water pill, like a thiazide or HCTZ
2-could it be an ACE inhibitor? this medication often end in—“ -pril”
3-these ending and in”—sartan)
4- they often end in —lol
5-this medication and in “-pine”; amlofipine

If patient say that they are taking a medication for high blood pressure, but do not know the name of it -If you can figure out the medication class, then start name some of the most common drug in the class say both brand and generic name It is an ACE inhibitor ask something like

-It says lisinopril, also known as zestful or prinivil ? -how about enalapril, also known as vasotec ? -could it be benazepril also known as lotensin.?

Hypertension: implication continue HCTZ (.?) Lisinopril (?) Valsartan ? Metoprolol .? Atenolol? Amlodipine? -(

Micozide Zestril Diovan Lopressor Tenormin Norvasc

-? : blockage of heart all the way —— Treated with medication, or stent or bypass surgery. -May present with chest pain (angina) and have acute coronary syndrome or myocardial infarction (heart attack) — these medication help with reducing chest pain) -in addition to anti-hypertensive, although medication classes to treat CAD are: -Nitrate Vasodilator-can be extended or sustain release —— nitro glycerin (nitrolingual ) -sublingual, Patch or IV —— jsosorbide mono nitrates ( Imgur) ——isosorbide dinitrate (isordil)

coronary artery disease (CAD

-medication classes: 1-loop diuretic 2-cardiac glycosides(e.g.digoxin) 3-nitrate vasodilators —-Isosorbide dinitrate/hydralazine (BIDI) 4-potassium sparingly diuretic. 5–sacubitril/varsartan (entresto) -?..can systolic (hear does not pump well) or diastolic (hot does not relax well) or both -The medication classes below are used to help treat CHF, in addition to the ACE inhibitor or ARBs -y

Congestive heart failure (CHF) - CHF can be systolic ( heart does not pump well) or diastolic ( heart doesn’t not relax well) , or both -The medication classes below are used to help treat. CHF.(Congestive heart failure), in addition to the ACE inhibitor or ARBs

What class for CHF? -used to treat: hypertension, edema fromheart failure, or kidney disease or ascites from cirrhosis (fluid in the abdomen from liver disease) -pulmonary edema (fluid in the lungs) -Patient may call it their water pill because it makes them urinate -Ending in “ —ide” ——furosemide (Lasix) -pill or IV ——bumetanide (bumex)—IV or pills ——torsemide (Demadex)

CHF:congestive heart failure -medication class: -Loop Diuretics

WHAT CLASS FOR CHF? -using patience with CHF, hypertension, ascites from cirrhosis (fluid in the abdomen from liver disease, edema(swelling) -Patient my call it’s their water pill because it make them urinate -medication treatment: 1-spironolactone 2-trimterene 3-amiloride 4-eplerenone

CHF : Adactone Dyrenium Midamor Inspra -Medication class : POTASSIUM SPARING-DIURETICS

-also known as high cholesterol, high lipids -medication used to prevent or treat hyperlipidemia,CAD, peripheral vascular disease (PVD) ,stroke What is the Medication class: ?? ——-end in —statins) 1-atorvastatin (Lipitor) 2-fluvastatin (lescol) 3-lovastatin(mevacor,alto or 4-pravastatin (Pravachol) 5-rosuvastatin (Crestor) 6-simvastatin (Zocor)

Medication class: —HMG CoA Reduclase inhibitor (—statins) HYPERLIPIDEMIA

. also, know as high cholesterol, high lipids. -medication used to prevent or treat hyperlipidemia, CAD, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), stroke

HYPERLIPIDEMIA

Medication classes: - HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor (-statins): -atorvastatin (Lipitor) -fluvastatin (lescol) -lovastatin (alto,mevacor) -rosuvastatin (crestor) -simvastatin (Zocor) -“

HYPERLIPIDEMIA: -Also known as high cholesterol or high lipids

-used to prevent a treat , patients who have CAD, myocardial infarction(heart attack),strokes, atrial fibrillation, claudication) (blockage of leg arteries -some patient may think of this as “blood thinner”, although the mechanism of action is different than anticoagulants -this medication’s work to block platelets or make them inactive

ANTIPLATELET AGENTS

. aspirin. (Bayer, Ecotrin)- abbreviated ASA —-it can be enteric coated (EC) —-maybe(81 mg) or full dose (325mg) -Dipyridamole (persantine) -ASA/Dipyridamole (aggrenox) -cilostazol (Pleta) -anagrelide(Agrylin)

ANTIPLATELET AGENTS

-used to prevent or treat patient who have: -Atrial fibrillation -CAD -claudication (blockage Of leg arteries) -myocarditis infarction (Heart attack) -peripheral vascular Disease -stroke

ANTIPLATELET AGENTS

Medication used for: -aspirin ( Bayer,Ecotrin) abbreviation ASA -dilyridamole (persantin) -ASA /dipyridamole (aggrenox) -cilostazol (pletal) -anagrelide (Agrylin)

ANTIPLATELET AGENTS

-used to trick acute coronary syndrome (myocardial infarction/ heart attack), CAD, stroke, and prevention of more this event, after stents to heart artery, peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease -medication class: —- P2Y12 Platelet inhibitors -clopidogrel (Plavix) -Prasugrel (Effient -ticlopidine (Ticlid) -Richelle

ANTIPLATELET

-medication classes: -vitamin K antagonist -Treatment medication: -warfarin(Coumadin) -Must be monitored regularly with blood test called (INR) international normalized ratio to make sure those is correct -DOA (anticoagulants -Low Molecule Weight Heparin -enoxaparin (Lovenox)-circuit subcutaneous injection

ANTICOAGULANTS

DOA medication classes -Direct Thrombin inhibitor —-dabigatran (Pradaxa) -Factor Xa inhibitors: __ ending in: —xaban” ——apixaban (Eliquis) ——rivaroxaban (Xarelto) ——edoxaban (Savaysa)l

DOA :(direct oral anticoagulants )

-this medication helped to slow the heart and or keep in a regular rhythm -Used to treat artrial fibrillation, Supra-ventricular, tachycardia,ventricular arrhythmia -medication treatment: —-sotabol (Betapace) —-amiodarone( Cordarone/Pacerone)

ANTIARRHYTHMICS

—chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are common diagnosis-both can cause wheezing and shortness of breath — medication to help via these diagnosis can be oral or inhales — many inhaler contain a combination of medication from different classes

LUNG DISEASES

-medication classes: — short-acting and long-acting bronchodilators — steroids: i —fluticasoninhalerr(Flovent) — mometasone (Asmanex)) —-budesonide ( Pulmicort) — short acting Muscarninic Antagonists : ————-ipratropium (Atrovent)) — leukotrine inhibitors: ———-montelukast (Sinclair)

Medication classes for lung disease

Medication classes continue for lung disease: -how to open up the lungs to help with breeding -Ending in(- terol” —— short acting bronchodilator: albuterol (proair, Proventil, Ventolin) ——-long acting bronchodilator- ————sameterol,(Serevent,formoterol(Foradil) -Brondichodilator Medication combination with all the medication classes: —— salmeterol I/fluticasone (Advair) ——formoterol/budesonide (symbicort) ——albuterol/ipratropium (continent)

Lung Diseases: bronchodilator

-diabetes mellitus: —-the body cannot use sugar(glucose) appropriately, so the glucose level in the blood is high — sometimes” high blood sugar” or the sugar by patient — different types: —— type 1 :dependent on Insulin . —— type 2: may use all medication and are insulin

Diabetes (DM)

-use and type two diabetes only often before patient needs insulin. -Medication classes: 1- BIGUANIDE -merformin ( 2- sulfonnylureas - can cause low blood sugar ‘End in “-ide” e.g. glyburide. (Diabetes , micronase) glimepiride (Amaryl) glipizide (glucotrol) then come in extended release (XL) 3- Sodium-glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors -Especially useful inpatient with diabetes and heart failure -end. “- glifozin” eg. canagliflozin (Invokana) empagliflozin. ( Jardiance) dapagliflozin (Farxiga)

DM (diabetes oral medication) Diabetes mellitus

-DM : insulin -subcutaneous injections - ..?. —neutral protamin Hagedorn (NPH) - sometimes come by with regular insulin — insulin detemir (Levemir) — insulin glargine (Lantus)

DM: insulin -Long acting insulin-usually use once or twice a day

DM - insulin -Subcutaneous injections —-insulin regular (Humulin R, Novolin R) —-insulin aspart (Novolog , Fiasp)- can come in a “ pen” delivery system for easier injecting —-insulin Lispo (Humalog) —-insulin glulisine (Apidra)

DM: insulin -Short Acting Insulin-used multiple times per day, before or after meals

-Called gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) , heartburn -medication classes: 1-Proton Pump Inhibitors ( PPIs) 2-H2 Blockers

REFLUX

-these medications used reduced the acids produced in the stomach. -Also used after gastrointestinal bleeding (GI) due to also and prevention of GI bleeding, -Several are available over-the-counter and prescription. -Ending in “-prazole): - omeprazole (Prilosec) -esomeprazole (Nexium) - lansoprazole (Prevacid) -pantoprazole (protonix)

REFLUX - Medication class : PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS

REFLUX Medication class? -many medications are over-the-counter and do not require a prescription, so it’s important to ask about them -end in “- tidine” -famotidine (Pepcid) -cimetidine (Tagamet)

REFLUX -medication class : H2 BLOCKERS

-have trouble with bowel movement that are hard or infrequent , also used in liver disease -Can be oral or suppository. -Many are available over-the-counter ..?? medication classes:

CONSTITIPATION -medication classes: 1-Laxatives 2-stool softener 3-Osmotic Agents 4-stimulant laxatives

Medication class ?? Medication used : -psyllium (Metamucil) r-methyl cellulose (Citrucel) -calcium polycarbophil ( FiberCon) -wheat dextrin (Benefiber)

LAXATIVES

What medication class? -Medication used for: ——————————docusate ( Colace)

STOOL SOFTNERS

It helps water draw in the gut?? It can cost intestines to secrete water and increase to frequency. Often come as liquid or powders. —-medication : -Polyethylene Glycol (PEG, GoLYTE. MiraLAX -lactulose ( Constulose) -Milk of magnesia, magnesium citrate

Osmotic Agents

What medication class? — OTC medication: —————————-bisacodyl (Dulcolax) —————————-senna (Senokot)

Stimulant laxatives

CONCLUSION: -common diagnosis include: hypertension, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, hyperlipidemia, COPD, asthma, diabetes, reflux, and constipation

Knowing this diagnosis and they commonly prescribed medication to treat them is foundational for being able to take an accurate and complete medication history. Since many medication classes have similar ending to the medication names ,one can be used to probing questions to narrow down the medication when patient are unsure of exact name

Definition of DVT :

DVT (deep venous) thrombosis