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ISSN - SNS (July 2021) > Module 2: Skeletal Muscle Support Systems > Flashcards

Module 2: Skeletal Muscle Support Systems Flashcards

1
Q

How many Skeletal Muscles does a human body has?

A. < 560
B. < 520
C. > 640

A

C. > 640

Human body contains >640 Skeletal Muscles

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2
Q

What is the name of muscle fibers that located at calf?

A. Bipennate
B. Fusiform
C. Unipennate

A

C. Unipennate

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3
Q

Which 2 muscles fibers are oriented transversely to the long axis of the muscle?

A. Unipennate & Multipennate
B. Bipennate & Multipennate
C. Unipennate & Bipennate

A

B. Bipennate & Multipennate

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4
Q

What is the name if the muscle fibers that located at Quads?

A. Multipennate
B. Bipennate
C. Unipennate

A

B. Bipennate

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5
Q

What are the 2 types of muscle classification?

A

Type I

Type II

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6
Q

What is Type I muscle fibers?

A

> Called as slow twitch muscle fibers
Smaller in diameter
Takes about 110 milliseconds to twitch
More mitochondrial, myoglobin & capillaries than Type II
Suitable for aerobic sport, oxygen dependent & energy metabolism
Fatigue resistant

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7
Q

What is Type II muscle fibers?

A

> Called as Fast twitch, twitch in 50 milliseconds
Larger in diameter
Produce more myosin ATPase than Type I
Efficient in anaerobic or oxygen-independent sports
Less fatigue resistant than Type I
Rich in enzyme to breakdown glycogen
Further sub-categorize into Type IIa Type X

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8
Q

What are the Characteristics for Muscle Fibers Types?

A
  1. Force production
  2. Fatigue resistance
  3. Mitochondrial density
  4. Capillary density
  5. Contraction speed
  6. Endurance Capacity
  7. Glycolytic Capacity
  8. Oxidative Capacity
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9
Q

For active individuals, how many percentage do they have pure muscle?

A

80 - 90%

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10
Q

Which Postural muscle contain more Type I fibers?

A

Soleus muscle (lower calf) & Tibias Anterior (shin) are mostly Type I fibers

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11
Q

For non-postural muscle, which muscle are contain more Type II fibers?

A

Rectus femoris (thigh) & Tricep Brachia (upper arm) tend to be more Type II muscle fibers

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12
Q

What type of fiber muscle does Endurance athlete would be using more often?

A

Type I

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13
Q

Which Muscle actions that are contract while lengthening muscular tension less than resistance?

A. Concentric
B. Eccentric
C. Isometric

A

B. Eccentric

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14
Q

What kind of actions does muscle react when the muscle contacts while shortening muscular tension more than resistance?

A. Concentric
B. Eccentric
C. Isometric

A

A. Concentric

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15
Q

Which structural filaments thinner, 6nm in diameter and having 900 filaments at sarcomere?

A. Actin
B. Myosin

A

A. Actin

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16
Q

What is the structure of Myosin filament?

A

Thick, 16nm and having 450 filaments in the middle of each sarcomeres

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17
Q

What is Thermodynamics?

A

Energy is neither created nor destroyed ; it transforms from one state to another without being used up

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18
Q

What are the 6 interchangeable energy state?

A
  1. Chemical
  2. Heat
  3. Electrical
  4. Mechanical
  5. Light
  6. Nuclear
19
Q

What is Bioenergetics?

A

The flow of energy within a living system

20
Q

How does Energy transfer occurs?

A

Energy transfer occurs hrough chemical reactions utilizing a mixture of nutrients and the use of oxygen

21
Q

What are the biologic functions for Energy Extraction?

A
  1. Muscular activity
  2. Digestion, absorption, transport, assimilation of food nutrients
  3. Glandular secretion for hormones
  4. Maintenance of electrochemical gradients across cell membranes
  5. Tissue Synthesis (ex: muscle protein synthesis)
22
Q

What is ATP?

A

Compound that is directly used to fuel many chemical reactions and many biological functions

23
Q

What happen when a degradation of one mole of ATP to ADP?

A

The outermost phosphate bond splits off and liberates 7.3 kcal of free energy

24
Q

ATP Powers many Biologic functions, what are they?

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Circulation
  3. Muscle contraction
  4. Tissue synthesis
  5. Nerve conduction
  6. Glandular secretion
25
Q

Other than food source we can recharge ATP, what else could do it?

A

Phosphatecreatine

Can give us ADP to recharge ATP

26
Q

What is the benefits of Creatine Monohydrate?

A
  1. Increasing high-intensity exercise capacity
  2. Lean body mass during training
  3. Muscle uptake
27
Q

What does Skeletal Muscle energy systems for?

A

For physical activities, recovery and adaptive process such as Muscle Protein Synthesis & tissue repair for broke down tissue

28
Q

What is Power Stroke?

A

In the presence of Calcium Iron (Ca2), myosin can form a bridge with actin and pull it towards the center of the sarcomere.

29
Q

What is being used for Muscle fibers to produce high-energy phosphate molecules?

A

Carbohydrates, Fatty Acids & Amino Acids

30
Q

Where does muscle contractions comes from?

A

Food.

Carbs, fatty acids, amino acids

31
Q

What is the nutrient that must have for myosin & actin to occur repeatedly?

A. Magnesium
B. Amino acids
C. Calcium

A

C. Calcium

32
Q

What are the metabolic pathways that responsible to generate ATP?

A
  1. Glycolysis
  2. Fatty acids oxidation
  3. Oxidation of certain amino acids
33
Q

What makes ATP depleted quickly?

A

High intensity exercise

34
Q

What is the Anaerobic mechanism for ATP generation?

A

Creatine Phosphate
Glycolysis to lactic acid (anaerobic glycolysisl
Adenylyl kinase (myokinase)

35
Q

What is the role of Creatine Phosphate in muscle fibers?

A
  1. Kick start for the 1st few seconds of the activity.
  2. Regenarate ATP during very intense exercise
  3. Transfer phosphate to ADP to recharge / replenish ATP
36
Q

Where does the Creatine Phosphate produce from?

A

CP in muscle fibers is produced in mitochondria and used cytosol to associate with sarcomeres.

37
Q

Which one is the enzyme that responsible for utilisation & reformation of Creatine Phosphate?

A. Creatine kinase
B. Myokinase
C. ATPase

A

A. Creatine Kinase

38
Q

What is the role of Anaerobic Glycolysis?

A
  1. To transform the Glucose to lactic acid during high intensity & short duration exercise
  2. ATP regeneration kicks in when CP is depleted.
39
Q

What is the production of Lactic acid?

A
  1. Convert back to glucose in liver
  2. Fuel for the heart & skeletal muscle
  3. The higher intensity the more lactic acid gonna produce
40
Q

What is Adenylyl Kinase for in muscle fibers?

A

Helps to convert ADP & AMP back to ATP. So that ATP is replenished during intense exercise.

41
Q

What is Aerobic Formation for mechanism in ATP generation?

A

It require oxygen dependent & involve with Electron Transport Chain (ETC) in Mitochondria & Oxidative Phosphorylation

42
Q

What is the ETC & Phosphorylation in Aerobic ATP formation?

A

It’s a series of carrier proteins in Mitochondria that pass electrons along their length to generate energy to reattach P to ADP, to recharge ATP

43
Q

What are the Aerobic energy system?

A
  1. Pyruvate metabolism from glycolysis
  2. Beta-oxidation of fatty acids
  3. Oxidation of amino acids
44
Q

Which muscle will be the 1st one recruited first when exercise?

A

Type I muscle fibers

ISSN - SNS (July 2021) (6 decks)

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