Chapter 2: Nutrition Fundamentals Flashcards
What is Energy intake and Energy expenditure?
Energy intake is what you eat.
Energy expenditure is what you burn.
What is the function for Micronutrients?
To support the function of body process
What do Macronutrients provide?
Macronutrients provide Energy, maintain Structure and provide Functional integrity to the body & its system.
What is the Energy (kj/g & kcal) for Carbohydrates?
16kj/g & 4 kcal
Carbohydrates is primary for fuel, which 3 in human body that Carbohydrates is providing?
Primary for fuel for the brain, body & organ systems.
What are the 3 elements for Carbohydrates?
Carbon, Oxgen & Hydrogen
From Monosaccharides, what are the 3 classification from Hexoses?
Fruitose, Glucose & Galactose
Which one is under category as Complex Carbohydrates?
A. Monosaccharides
B. Oligosaccharides
C. Polysaccharides
C. Polysaccharides
Which 2 are Starch chains?
Amylose & Amylopectin
Glucose is also called as?
A. Dextrose
B. Levulose
C. Dextrin
A. Dextrose
Which part of our body that stored Glucose?
Liver & Muscle
Fruitose is also called as?
Levulose / Fruit sugar
What does Galactose + Galactose (combined together) become?
Lactose (disacchaarides)
What kind of foods that contain Oligosaccharides?
Lentils, Beans, Peas, Cabbage
What does Fruitose + Glucose (combined together) become?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Galactose
B. Sucrose
What does Fruitose + Glucose (combined together) become?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Galactose
B. Sucrose
Which 2 in Polysaccharides are located in muscle & other human tissue?
A. Dextrose & Maltose
B. Fruitose & Glucose
C. Glycogen & Glycosaminoglycans
C. Glycogen & Glycosaminoglycans
Complex Carbohydrates often refer as?
Dietary Starch
What is the benefits of Higher fiber intake?
Lower incidents of Diabetes, lower incidents of colorectal cancer and lower incidents of heart disease
What are the 2 categories for Fiber?
Water soluble & Water insoluble
What is the roles for Fiber?
- Gives ‘bulk’ to the digesting food
- Prevents reabsorption of the bile acids & bile salt
- Support healthy bacteria levels, add as prebiotic
- Shorten transit time for food residues the digestive tract
- Helps easier bowel movements
Food sources like wheat bran, breads, corn bran, whole grains cereal, seeds, carrots, green beans, berries etc are categorize as Soluble Fiber or Insoluble Fiber?
Insoluble Fiber
What is the benefits for Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO)?
Used to enhance fiber content of a food such as bars
What is the Adequate Intake (AI) recommendation for total fiber intake for Women under 50 years of age?
25 grams
What is the process name when synthesizing the Glucose from Glycogen?
Glycogenesis
What is Glycogenolysis?
A. The combination of 3 fatty acids
B. Breaking down the glycogen into smaller Glucose units
C. Glycogen + Glucose combined together
B. Breaking down the glycogen into smaller Glucose units
What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate Powerhouse?
High energy compound
Glycosaminoglycans is also known as?
A. Mucopolysaccharides
B. Monosaccharides
C. Glycogenolysis
A. Mucopolysaccharides
What is Glucagon ralated to the Blood Sugar Regulation?
Glucagon stimulate livers Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose concentration.
What is Glycemic Index (GI)?
Glycemic Index is how we rank carbohydrate foods, and how they impact the blood sugar levels.
What is the Formula to calculate Glycemic Load?
GI x Carbohydrates / 100
Which one is TRUE for Low Glycemic Load levels per day?
A. Less than 60
B. Less than 70
C. Less than 80
C. Less than 80
What is the roles of Carbohydrates?
It’s Energy source, it also can prevent ketosis, primary for the fuel and for central nervous systems and only fuel for Red Blood Cell
What is the Carbohydrate Requirements for someone is having moderate exercise 60 min daily?
5 - 7g/kg
What is the Roles for Lipid?
Energy source Protect & insulate the cold Protect against shock Protect vital organs Support digestion, absorption & transport the Fat - Soluble Vitamin A, D, E, K
What is the Roles for Lipid?
Energy source Protect & insulate the cold Protect against shock Protect vital organs Support digestion, absorption & transport the Fat - Soluble Vitamin A, D, E, K
Please list down the 3 classification for Lipids
Simple Lipids
Compound Lipids
Derived Lipids
Which classification that is the major storage form of fat in Adipose Cells?
A. Simple Lipids
B. Compound Lipids
C. Derived Lipids
A. Simple Lipids
What is the benefits of Emulsification process during digestion?
It break it down with bile that helps it cross the intestinal wall easier
What is Brown Adipose Tissue?
Fat stores around our internal organs that provides some cushioning, while fat underlying our skin provides a layer of insulation that helps to maintain our body temperature.
Generate heat.
Which one is contain one or more double bonds chain?
A. Monosaccharides
B. Monounsaturated
C. Polyunsaturated
C. Polyunsaturated
What is Cholesterol roles?
Has structural roles in tissue & cell membranes.
Precursor for steroid & Vitamin D
Synthesize bile acid & bile salts
What is the Primary role for Protein?
Building blocks of body proteins
Act as signaling molecules
Create hormones
What we call them as when link amino acids together?
A. Peptide bonds
B. Side chain
C. Leucine
A. Peptide bonds
Which one are the substances that made from Amino Acid?
A. Methionine, Tryptophan, Aspartic Acid, Phenylalanine, Lysine
B. Arginine, Beta-alanine, Histidine, Glycine, Glutamine
C. Serotonin, Creatine, Dopamine, Carnosine, Carnitine
C. Serotonin, Creatine, Dopamine, Carnosine, Carnitine
What is the function for Protein?
Enzyme Blood clotting Protein hormones Antibodies Receptors Transport Proteins Structural Proteins Contractile Proteins
What is the Protein Requirement for Weight loss?
1.5 - 2.5g/kg
What is the Protein Requirement for weight gain?
1.7 - 2.5g/kg
What are the 8 amino acids that body cannot synthesize?
Isoleucine Lysine Leucine Methionine Phenylalanine Threonine Valine Tryptophan
What is the role of amino acid alanine?
Providing Carbohydrate fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise
What is the role of amino acid alanine?
Providing Carbohydrate fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise
What are the ‘Complex Carbohydrates’?
Starch. Glycogen. Fiber
What are the ‘Simple Carbohydrates’?
Monosaccharides & Disaccharides
Creatine is made from which Amino Acids?
A. Histidine, Beta-alanine
B. Lysine, Methionine
C. Methionine, Arginine & Glycine
C. Methionine, Arginine & Glycine
What are the individual Amino Acids that can be use to make certain hormones and neurotransmitters?
A. Epinephrine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine & Thyroid hormones
B. Arginine, Glutamine & Beta-alanine
C. Epinephrine, Glycine & Serotonin
A. Epinephrine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine & Thyroid hormones.
Why Essential Amino Acids is important to have in adequate quantity and correct ratio?
To maintain nitrogen balance and for tissue growth & repair
Which amino acids is known as glucogenic amino acid and it’s very important in role of providing carbs fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise?
A. Alanine
B. Serotonin
C. Creatine
A. Alanine
What kind of Vitamins are the functions as ‘antioxidant’?
A. Vitamin A, D, E, K
B. Vitamin A, C, E & Beta-Carotene
C. Vitamin D, E & Folic Acid
B. Vitamin A, C E & Beta-Carotene
