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ISSN - SNS (July 2021) > Chapter 2: Nutrition Fundamentals > Flashcards

Chapter 2: Nutrition Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is Energy intake and Energy expenditure?

A

Energy intake is what you eat.

Energy expenditure is what you burn.

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2
Q

What is the function for Micronutrients?

A

To support the function of body process

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3
Q

What do Macronutrients provide?

A

Macronutrients provide Energy, maintain Structure and provide Functional integrity to the body & its system.

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4
Q

What is the Energy (kj/g & kcal) for Carbohydrates?

A

16kj/g & 4 kcal

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5
Q

Carbohydrates is primary for fuel, which 3 in human body that Carbohydrates is providing?

A

Primary for fuel for the brain, body & organ systems.

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6
Q

What are the 3 elements for Carbohydrates?

A

Carbon, Oxgen & Hydrogen

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7
Q

From Monosaccharides, what are the 3 classification from Hexoses?

A

Fruitose, Glucose & Galactose

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8
Q

Which one is under category as Complex Carbohydrates?
A. Monosaccharides
B. Oligosaccharides
C. Polysaccharides

A

C. Polysaccharides

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9
Q

Which 2 are Starch chains?

A

Amylose & Amylopectin

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10
Q

Glucose is also called as?
A. Dextrose
B. Levulose
C. Dextrin

A

A. Dextrose

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11
Q

Which part of our body that stored Glucose?

A

Liver & Muscle

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12
Q

Fruitose is also called as?

A

Levulose / Fruit sugar

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13
Q

What does Galactose + Galactose (combined together) become?

A

Lactose (disacchaarides)

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14
Q

What kind of foods that contain Oligosaccharides?

A

Lentils, Beans, Peas, Cabbage

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15
Q

What does Fruitose + Glucose (combined together) become?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Galactose

A

B. Sucrose

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15
Q

What does Fruitose + Glucose (combined together) become?
A. Glucose
B. Sucrose
C. Galactose

A

B. Sucrose

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16
Q

Which 2 in Polysaccharides are located in muscle & other human tissue?

A. Dextrose & Maltose
B. Fruitose & Glucose
C. Glycogen & Glycosaminoglycans

A

C. Glycogen & Glycosaminoglycans

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17
Q

Complex Carbohydrates often refer as?

A

Dietary Starch

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18
Q

What is the benefits of Higher fiber intake?

A

Lower incidents of Diabetes, lower incidents of colorectal cancer and lower incidents of heart disease

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19
Q

What are the 2 categories for Fiber?

A

Water soluble & Water insoluble

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20
Q

What is the roles for Fiber?

A
  1. Gives ‘bulk’ to the digesting food
  2. Prevents reabsorption of the bile acids & bile salt
  3. Support healthy bacteria levels, add as prebiotic
  4. Shorten transit time for food residues the digestive tract
  5. Helps easier bowel movements
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21
Q

Food sources like wheat bran, breads, corn bran, whole grains cereal, seeds, carrots, green beans, berries etc are categorize as Soluble Fiber or Insoluble Fiber?

A

Insoluble Fiber

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22
Q

What is the benefits for Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO)?

A

Used to enhance fiber content of a food such as bars

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23
Q

What is the Adequate Intake (AI) recommendation for total fiber intake for Women under 50 years of age?

A

25 grams

24
Q

What is the process name when synthesizing the Glucose from Glycogen?

A

Glycogenesis

25
Q

What is Glycogenolysis?
A. The combination of 3 fatty acids
B. Breaking down the glycogen into smaller Glucose units
C. Glycogen + Glucose combined together

A

B. Breaking down the glycogen into smaller Glucose units

26
Q

What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate Powerhouse?

A

High energy compound

27
Q

Glycosaminoglycans is also known as?

A. Mucopolysaccharides
B. Monosaccharides
C. Glycogenolysis

A

A. Mucopolysaccharides

28
Q

What is Glucagon ralated to the Blood Sugar Regulation?

A

Glucagon stimulate livers Glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to raise blood glucose concentration.

29
Q

What is Glycemic Index (GI)?

A

Glycemic Index is how we rank carbohydrate foods, and how they impact the blood sugar levels.

30
Q

What is the Formula to calculate Glycemic Load?

A

GI x Carbohydrates / 100

31
Q

Which one is TRUE for Low Glycemic Load levels per day?

A. Less than 60
B. Less than 70
C. Less than 80

A

C. Less than 80

32
Q

What is the roles of Carbohydrates?

A

It’s Energy source, it also can prevent ketosis, primary for the fuel and for central nervous systems and only fuel for Red Blood Cell

33
Q

What is the Carbohydrate Requirements for someone is having moderate exercise 60 min daily?

A

5 - 7g/kg

34
Q

What is the Roles for Lipid?

A 
Energy source 
Protect & insulate the cold
Protect against shock
Protect vital organs
Support digestion, absorption & transport the 
Fat - Soluble Vitamin A, D, E, K
35
Q

What is the Roles for Lipid?

A 
Energy source 
Protect & insulate the cold
Protect against shock
Protect vital organs
Support digestion, absorption & transport the 
Fat - Soluble Vitamin A, D, E, K
36
Q

Please list down the 3 classification for Lipids

A

Simple Lipids
Compound Lipids
Derived Lipids

37
Q

Which classification that is the major storage form of fat in Adipose Cells?

A. Simple Lipids
B. Compound Lipids
C. Derived Lipids

A

A. Simple Lipids

38
Q

What is the benefits of Emulsification process during digestion?

A

It break it down with bile that helps it cross the intestinal wall easier

39
Q

What is Brown Adipose Tissue?

A

Fat stores around our internal organs that provides some cushioning, while fat underlying our skin provides a layer of insulation that helps to maintain our body temperature.
Generate heat.

40
Q

Which one is contain one or more double bonds chain?

A. Monosaccharides
B. Monounsaturated
C. Polyunsaturated

A

C. Polyunsaturated

41
Q

What is Cholesterol roles?

A

Has structural roles in tissue & cell membranes.
Precursor for steroid & Vitamin D
Synthesize bile acid & bile salts

42
Q

What is the Primary role for Protein?

A

Building blocks of body proteins
Act as signaling molecules
Create hormones

43
Q

What we call them as when link amino acids together?

A. Peptide bonds
B. Side chain
C. Leucine

A

A. Peptide bonds

44
Q

Which one are the substances that made from Amino Acid?

A. Methionine, Tryptophan, Aspartic Acid, Phenylalanine, Lysine
B. Arginine, Beta-alanine, Histidine, Glycine, Glutamine
C. Serotonin, Creatine, Dopamine, Carnosine, Carnitine

A

C. Serotonin, Creatine, Dopamine, Carnosine, Carnitine

45
Q

What is the function for Protein?

A 
Enzyme
Blood clotting
Protein hormones
Antibodies
Receptors
Transport Proteins
Structural Proteins
Contractile Proteins
46
Q

What is the Protein Requirement for Weight loss?

A

1.5 - 2.5g/kg

47
Q

What is the Protein Requirement for weight gain?

A

1.7 - 2.5g/kg

48
Q

What are the 8 amino acids that body cannot synthesize?

A 
Isoleucine
Lysine
Leucine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Valine
Tryptophan
49
Q

What is the role of amino acid alanine?

A

Providing Carbohydrate fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise

50
Q

What is the role of amino acid alanine?

A

Providing Carbohydrate fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise

51
Q

What are the ‘Complex Carbohydrates’?

A

Starch. Glycogen. Fiber

52
Q

What are the ‘Simple Carbohydrates’?

A

Monosaccharides & Disaccharides

53
Q

Creatine is made from which Amino Acids?

A. Histidine, Beta-alanine
B. Lysine, Methionine
C. Methionine, Arginine & Glycine

A

C. Methionine, Arginine & Glycine

54
Q

What are the individual Amino Acids that can be use to make certain hormones and neurotransmitters?

A. Epinephrine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine & Thyroid hormones
B. Arginine, Glutamine & Beta-alanine
C. Epinephrine, Glycine & Serotonin

A

A. Epinephrine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine & Thyroid hormones.

55
Q

Why Essential Amino Acids is important to have in adequate quantity and correct ratio?

A

To maintain nitrogen balance and for tissue growth & repair

56
Q

Which amino acids is known as glucogenic amino acid and it’s very important in role of providing carbs fuel via gluconeogenesis during prolonged exercise?

A. Alanine
B. Serotonin
C. Creatine

A

A. Alanine

57
Q

What kind of Vitamins are the functions as ‘antioxidant’?

A. Vitamin A, D, E, K
B. Vitamin A, C, E & Beta-Carotene
C. Vitamin D, E & Folic Acid

A

B. Vitamin A, C E & Beta-Carotene

ISSN - SNS (July 2021) (6 decks)

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