MODULE 2 (SET D)

Question 1

the application of probability and statistics to large populations of molecules

Answer 1

STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Question 2

mathematical description of how molecules move, how much energy they have, how they change shape

Answer 2

MODEL

Question 3

TRUE OR FALSE: The probability of a protein molecule undergoing a shape change needed for its function utilizes model

Answer 3

TRUE

Question 4

can be used to calculate and predict thermodynamic quantities such as temperature, pressure, and amount of energy released or absorbed

Answer 4

STATISTICAL AVERAGES

Question 5

allows us to interpret the things we can measure in terms of what specific molecules are doing

Answer 5

STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Question 6

deals with measuring the rate of speed of biological processes such as biochemical reactions, conformational transitions, and binding or unbinding of biomolecules

Answer 6

KINETICS

Question 7

Tells us whether a given process or biochemical reaction will occur.

Answer 7

THERMODYNAMICS

Question 8

Tells us how fast a given process or biochemical reaction will occur.

Answer 8

KINETICS

Question 9

The temporary unwind of DNA is the ____________ energy state of DNA

Answer 9

higher energy

Question 10

what is the lower energy state of DNA

Answer 10

double helical state

Question 11

TRUE OR FALSE: The unwound double helix is the high energy intermediate in the process of DNA replication.

Answer 11

TRUE

Question 12

device that can alter the direction and/or size of a force

Answer 12

Machine

Question 13

special type of machine that also has the ability to convert potential energy into mechanical energy

Answer 13

Motor

Question 14

TRUE OR FALSE: Muscles use our bones as levers to redirect and in some cases magnify or decrease the forces they apply.

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

TRUE OR FALSE: Muscles are motors.

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

hairlike projections on the surface of some cells; present on the inner surface cells of the lungs

Answer 16

CILIA

Question 17

These are longer, whiplike structures that stick out from the body of some cells; move to propel the cell forward

Answer 17

FLAGELLA

Question 18

move by temporarily pushing out on their membrane at one or more locations, changing the shape of the cell

Answer 18

PSEUDOPODIA

Question 19

cells that manufacture proteins or other substances to be used elsewhere in the body

Answer 19

SECRETORY CELLS

Question 20

When a cell is getting ready to divide, it first duplicates its chromosomes

Answer 20

Separation of Chromosomes during cell division

Question 21

motion generated by muscle contraction was due from

Answer 21

individual molecules of one protein (myosin) binding to and pushing against the molecules of another protein (actin)

Question 22

binding in one part of a molecule affects activity in another part of the same molecule

Answer 22

allostery

Question 23

Greek word means “other”

Answer 23

allos

Question 24

Greek word for object or solid object

Answer 24

stereos

Question 25

control of a biological process by a cell or organism

Answer 25

REGULATION

Question 26

particular part of a protein molecule, which is directly involved in carrying out that protein’s function

Answer 26

ACTIVE SITE

Question 27

regulation of a process is achieved through binding somewhere other than the active site, which is the __________

Answer 27

allosteric site

Question 28

Some sites behave as active sites and as allosteric sites at the same time, each affecting the other.

Answer 28

COOPERATIVITY

Question 29

the occurrence of separate events together in a non-independent manner

Answer 29

Cooperativity

Question 30

events occur only slightly more together than they would if they were completely independent

Answer 30

slightly cooperative process

Question 31

a set of otherwise independent events occurs in a mostly all-or-none manner

Answer 31

high cooperative process

Question 32

The four sites that actively bind oxygen also act as _____________, each enhancing the binding of oxygen to the remaining sites.

Answer 32

ALLOSTERIC SITES

Question 33

long-distance effects of an allosteric site on another part of a molecule can be the result of

Answer 33

conformational changes

Question 34

focuses on physical aspects of the relationship between the organisms and their environment

Answer 34

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS

Question 35

branch of environmental biophysics that studies factors that control the availability of thermal energy within the environment

Answer 35

HEAT AND TEMPERATURE BIOPHYSICS

Question 36

how organisms deal with excess heat, or lack of heat, and how organisms themselves affect local environmental temperatures

Answer 36

HEAT AND TEMPERATURE BIOPHYSICS

Question 37

thermal energy exchange between an animal and its environment includes

Answer 37

RADIATION, CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, AND EVAPORATION

Question 38

physical movement and availability of resources

Answer 38

RESOURCE AND MASS EXCHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS

Question 39

studies the effects of radiation on biological systems; use of radiation in diagnostic imaging and treatment of diseases

Answer 39

RADIATION BIOPHYSICS

Question 40

studies how organisms deal with radiation in their environments

Answer 40

RADIATION BIOPHYSICS

Question 41

engineering side of environmental biophysics

Answer 41

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING

Question 42

Development of sensors to detect or measure various aspects of the environment

Answer 42

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING

Question 43

Research and development of energy-saving materials and techniques

Answer 43

ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING