MODULE 2 (SET D) Flashcards
the application of probability and statistics to large populations of molecules
STATISTICAL MECHANICS
mathematical description of how molecules move, how much energy they have, how they change shape
MODEL
TRUE OR FALSE: The probability of a protein molecule undergoing a shape change needed for its function utilizes model
TRUE
can be used to calculate and predict thermodynamic quantities such as temperature, pressure, and amount of energy released or absorbed
STATISTICAL AVERAGES
allows us to interpret the things we can measure in terms of what specific molecules are doing
STATISTICAL MECHANICS
deals with measuring the rate of speed of biological processes such as biochemical reactions, conformational transitions, and binding or unbinding of biomolecules
KINETICS
Tells us whether a given process or biochemical reaction will occur.
THERMODYNAMICS
Tells us how fast a given process or biochemical reaction will occur.
KINETICS
The temporary unwind of DNA is the ____________ energy state of DNA
higher energy
what is the lower energy state of DNA
double helical state
TRUE OR FALSE: The unwound double helix is the high energy intermediate in the process of DNA replication.
TRUE
device that can alter the direction and/or size of a force
Machine
special type of machine that also has the ability to convert potential energy into mechanical energy
Motor
TRUE OR FALSE: Muscles use our bones as levers to redirect and in some cases magnify or decrease the forces they apply.
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE: Muscles are motors.
TRUE
hairlike projections on the surface of some cells; present on the inner surface cells of the lungs
CILIA
These are longer, whiplike structures that stick out from the body of some cells; move to propel the cell forward
FLAGELLA
move by temporarily pushing out on their membrane at one or more locations, changing the shape of the cell
PSEUDOPODIA
cells that manufacture proteins or other substances to be used elsewhere in the body
SECRETORY CELLS
When a cell is getting ready to divide, it first duplicates its chromosomes
Separation of Chromosomes during cell division
motion generated by muscle contraction was due from
individual molecules of one protein (myosin) binding to and pushing against the molecules of another protein (actin)
binding in one part of a molecule affects activity in another part of the same molecule
allostery
Greek word means “other”
allos
Greek word for object or solid object
stereos
control of a biological process by a cell or organism
REGULATION
particular part of a protein molecule, which is directly involved in carrying out that protein’s function
ACTIVE SITE
regulation of a process is achieved through binding somewhere other than the active site, which is the __________
allosteric site
Some sites behave as active sites and as allosteric sites at the same time, each affecting the other.
COOPERATIVITY
the occurrence of separate events together in a non-independent manner
Cooperativity
events occur only slightly more together than they would if they were completely independent
slightly cooperative process
a set of otherwise independent events occurs in a mostly all-or-none manner
high cooperative process
The four sites that actively bind oxygen also act as _____________, each enhancing the binding of oxygen to the remaining sites.
ALLOSTERIC SITES
long-distance effects of an allosteric site on another part of a molecule can be the result of
conformational changes
focuses on physical aspects of the relationship between the organisms and their environment
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS
branch of environmental biophysics that studies factors that control the availability of thermal energy within the environment
HEAT AND TEMPERATURE BIOPHYSICS
how organisms deal with excess heat, or lack of heat, and how organisms themselves affect local environmental temperatures
HEAT AND TEMPERATURE BIOPHYSICS
thermal energy exchange between an animal and its environment includes
RADIATION, CONDUCTION, CONVECTION, AND EVAPORATION
physical movement and availability of resources
RESOURCE AND MASS EXCHANGE ENVIRONMENTAL BIOPHYSICS
studies the effects of radiation on biological systems; use of radiation in diagnostic imaging and treatment of diseases
RADIATION BIOPHYSICS
studies how organisms deal with radiation in their environments
RADIATION BIOPHYSICS
engineering side of environmental biophysics
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING
Development of sensors to detect or measure various aspects of the environment
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING
Research and development of energy-saving materials and techniques
ENVIRONMENTAL BIOENGINEERING
