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Urinaliysis > Module 2- Routine Urinalysis > Flashcards

Module 2- Routine Urinalysis Flashcards

0
Q

Define specific gravity

A

Measure of urine concentration

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1
Q

What is the normal daily output of urine ?

A

1500ml/day

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2
Q

Causes of low SG

A
  • increased ingestion of fluid
  • diabetes insipidus
  • diuretics
  • renal tubular damage
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3
Q

Causes of high SG

A
  • dehydration
  • glycosuria
  • proteinuria
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4
Q

What is SG measured with

A

-Dipstick, Refractometer

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5
Q

What is the ph in 24hr urine

A

6

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6
Q

What is the ph in random specimen

A

Varies from 5-8

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7
Q

Condition that make urines acidic

A
  • starvation , prolonged diarrhea
  • reduced pulmonary ventilation
  • bacterial infection
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8
Q

Conditions that make urine alkaline

A
  • Vomiting
  • hyperventilation
  • UTI
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9
Q

Define polyuria

A
  • increased urine output

- more then 2000ml/day

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10
Q

Non pathological causes of polyuria

A
  • increased fluid intake

- nervousness

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11
Q

Pathological causes of polyuria

A
  • diabetes insipidus

- diabetes mellitus

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12
Q

Define oliguria

A

Decreased urine output

Less than 600ml/day

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13
Q

Non pathological causes of oliguria

A
  • decreased fluid intake

- excessive sweating

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14
Q

Pathological causes of oliguria

A

Dehydration due to vomiting/diarrhea
Shock
Urinary tract obstruction

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15
Q

What are most casts composed of ?

A

Tamm-horsfall protein

16
Q

At what magnification de we repost casts ?

A

x10

17
Q

At what magnification de we report cells?

A

x40

18
Q

What is the key microscopic finding to differentiate glomeruli nephritis from bleeding in the lower urinary tract

A

Rbc casts

19
Q

What is the most common cause of leukocyte casts

A

Pyelonephritis

20
Q

What do epithelial casts indicate ?

A

Tubular necrosis

21
Q

In normal urine _____ appear 2-5HPF

A

Red blood cells

22
Q

Rbcs will appear crenated if

A

SG is high

23
Q

In normals urine ______ appear 5-8/HPF

A

Leukocyte

24
Q

Define pyuria

A

Increased number of leukocytes in urine

25
Q

Define hematuria

A

Increased number of rbc in urine

26
Q

What are the 3 types of epithelial cells

A

Renal tubular , transitional , squamous

27
Q

Why may crystals be found in urine

A

When chemicals are present in excess of their solubility

Urinaliysis (7 decks)

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