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Bacteriology > Module 2- Rods and cocci > Flashcards

Module 2- Rods and cocci Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Staphyococcus

A

Gram positive cocci, commensal of skin and mucous membranes, aerobic

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2
Q

Staphylococcus virulence factors

A

Coagulase

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3
Q

Test for Staphylococcus

A

Rbabit plasma (positive = clot formation)

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4
Q

Coagulase positive Staphylococcus

A

S. aureus
S. hyicus
S. pseudointermedius

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5
Q

Staphylococcus pathogenisis

A

Invasion of skin or mucous membrane, inflammation, destruction of neutrophils, pus formation

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6
Q

Pathogens that cause mastitis

A

Staphylococcus
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Nocardia

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7
Q

Most common staphylococcus isolate in canine pyoderma

A

S. pseudointermedius

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8
Q

Diseases caused by Staphylococccus pseudointermedius and S. aureus

A

pyoderma, otitis externa. Bumble foot (aureus)

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9
Q

Disease caused by staphylococcus hyicus

A

Greasy pig disease (exudative dermatitis)

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10
Q

Staphylococcus superantigen diseases

A

Staphylococal toxic shock syndrome, Staphylococcal food poisoning, Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome

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11
Q

Diseases caused by coagulase negative staphylococcus

A

RARE. Nosocomial infections, colonization of catheters and implants

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12
Q

Diagnosing Staphylococcus infections

A

Aerobic culture, cytology/gram stain, PCR

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13
Q

Problems with dx Staphylococcus

A

Commensal of skin = false positives

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14
Q

Tx Staphylococcus

A

Treat underlying disease (Staph is opportunistic), topical antimicrobials work best

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15
Q

Resistant staphylococcus

A

Resistant to beta lactams, macrolide, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfa.

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16
Q

Is Staphylococcus zoonotic?

A

Yes

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17
Q

Characteristics of Streptococcus

A

Gram positive cocci in chains, commensals of mucous membranes

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18
Q

Diseases: Streptococcus equi subsp. equi

A

Strangles

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19
Q

Strangles transmission

A

contaminated horses/fomites

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20
Q

Which age is most susceptible to strangles

A

yearlings, <4mo is protected from maternal antibodies

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21
Q

Signs of Strangles

A

dysphagia, lymphadenitits, moist cough, gutteral pouch empyema (complication0

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22
Q

Diagnosis of Strangles

A

Microscopic, culture, Serology, PCR

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23
Q

Treatment of Strangles

A

Most recover spontaneously, abx only effective if given before abscess formation

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24
Q

Is Strangles reportable

A

Yes

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25
Q

Strangles control

A

Strong immunity after infection, vaccine (can complicate dx)

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26
Q

How to detect Strangles carriers

A

Swab guttural pouch 10 days after recovery

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27
Q

How to determine clear of Strangles infection

A

3 negative swab culture/PCR (1x per week) before release from quarantine

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28
Q

Streptococcus canis infects…

A

Infects dogs and cats

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29
Q

Symptoms of Streptococcus canis infection

A

Skin ulceration, necrotizing fasciitis, sepsis, death

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30
Q

Streptococcus suis infects…

A

pigs

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31
Q

Is streptococcus sui zoonotic

A

yes

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32
Q

Symptoms of Streptococcus suis

A

septicemia, meningitis, pnuemonia, abortions, endocarditis

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33
Q

Disease caused by Streptococcus porcinus

A

Jowl abscess

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34
Q

Is Streptococcus iniae zoonotic

A

Yes

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35
Q

Symptoms of Streptococcus iniae infection

A

Septicemia, meningoencephalitis, epicarditis, cellulitis

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36
Q

Disease caused by Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Necrotizing fasciitis, Scarlet fever, Rheumatic fever…etc

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37
Q

Streptococcus pneumonia infects…

A

humans, guinea pigs, rodents, pets

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38
Q

Treatment of Streptococcus

A

Penicillin G

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39
Q

Characteristics of Enterococcus

A

Gram positive, opportunistic intestinal flora

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40
Q

Resistance in Enterococcus

A

Intrinsic- beta lactams, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, sulfa. Emerging- Vancomycin

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41
Q

Characteristics of Bacillus

A

Gram positive ords, aerobic, endospore-forming

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42
Q

Disease caused by Bacillus anthracis

A

anthrax

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43
Q

Virulence factors of Baccilus anthracis

A

Anti-phagocytic capsule, toxin

44
Q

Diagnosis of Baccilus anthracis

A

McFadyean reaction stain, blue tissue and pink capsule

45
Q

Three parts of Anthrax toxin

A

Edema factor, lethal factor, protective antigen

46
Q

Pathogenesis of Baccilus anthracis

A

bacteria spread through the blood stream, toxin causes increased vascular permeability and cell necrosis

47
Q

Transmission of Baccilus anthracis

A

Ingestion, inhalation, contact

48
Q

Which form of Baccilus anthracis are ruminants more likely to present

A

Per acute septicemia (sudden death)

49
Q

What form of Baccilus anthracis are humans most likely to present

A

Pulmonary (wool sorter’s disease), cutaneous, intestinal

50
Q

Postmorteum signs of Baccilus anthracis

A

SPlenomegally, sudden death, bacteremia, unclotted blood

51
Q

Diagnosis of Baccilus anthracis

A

Reportable, do not open carcas, Peripheral blood smears (Mcfadyean rxn)

52
Q

Treatment of Baccilus anthracis

A

Do not usually treat

53
Q

Control of Baccilus anthracis

54
Q

Characteristics of Listeria

A

Gram positive rod, facultative intracellular, can grow at low temperatures, in intestinal tract

55
Q

Pathogenesis of Listeria

A

Ingestion/entry through mucosal wounds, intracellular growth in blood stream, microabscesses in CNS

56
Q

Control of Listeria

A

Good silage, food safety

57
Q

Presentations of Listeria

A

Septicemia (visceral)- monogastric animals, abortion, necrosis of spleen and liver, focal hepatic necrosis
Neurologic- microabscesses on brain stem, circling, ruminants, unilateral facial paralysis

58
Q

Dx Listeria

A

Speial Enrichment culture, culture brain stem/liver/spleen

59
Q

Listeriosis tx

A

Not attempted usually, novax

60
Q

Characteristics of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Gram positive rods, aerobic, tonsils and intestines, affects pigs and turkeys

61
Q

Pathogenesis of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Ingested, inflammation of blood vessels

62
Q

Disease caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Diamond skin disease (erysipelas),septicemia, endocarditis

63
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in sheep

A

Post-dipping polyarthritis

64
Q

Diagnosis of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

aerobic culture, PCR

65
Q

Treatment of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

antimicrobials

66
Q

Intrinsic resistance of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Vancomycin, aminoglycocides, Sulpha

67
Q

COntrol of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

A

Vaccinate, treat, isolate, cull

68
Q

Characteristics of Corynebacterium

A

Gram positive, pleomorphic, aerobic, found in the soil, facultative intracellular

69
Q

Infections caused by Corynebacterium

A

Pyogenic pyogranulomatous infections

70
Q

Disease caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria

71
Q

Disease caused by Corynebacterium peudotuberculosis

A

Caseous lymphadenitis

72
Q

Virulence factors of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Exotoxin, phospholipase D, disease severity increases with age

73
Q

Two forms of caseous lymphadenitis

A

Internal and external

74
Q

Diagnosis of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Aerobic culture, difficult to dx internal, detect antibodies using synergistic hemolysin inhibition, paired titers

75
Q

Treatment of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Not curable, lance and drain

76
Q

Control of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis

A

Vaccinate, biosecurity, cull

77
Q

Disease caused by Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in horses

A

Pigeon fever

78
Q

Where does Corynebacterium renale colonize?

A

urogenital tract

79
Q

Disease caused by Corynebacterium renale

A

Contagious bovine pyelonephritis

80
Q

Corynebacterium bovis infects and causes

A

mice (hyperkeratosis)

81
Q

Characteristics of Rhodococcus equi (hoagii)

A

gram positive baccili, aerobic, facultative intracellular, opporunistic in soil

82
Q

Disease caused by Rhodococcus equi

A

Foal pneumonia

83
Q

Is Rhodococcus equi zoonotic

84
Q

Pathogenesis of Rhodococcus equi

A

Nodules and inflammation in lungs, cough up pus and swallow, GI infection

85
Q

Dx of Rhodococcus equi

A

Cytology of tracheal wash, CBC and serum, radiographs, culture of bracheal wash, PCR

86
Q

Treatment of RHodococcus equi

A

Prolonged macrolide and rifampin

87
Q

Prevention of Rhodococcus equi

A

Colostrum, dust control, no vax

88
Q

Characteristics of Nocadia

A

Pleomorphic, Gram positive rod, facultative intracellular, opportunistic in soil and water, sulfur granules in exudate

89
Q

Pathogenesis of Nocardia

A

Penetrating wound infection, pleural or peritoneal empyema

90
Q

Dx of Nocardia

A

Direct stain, acid fast, gram, aerobic culture

91
Q

Tx of Nocardia

A

aminoglycocide + carbapenem

92
Q

Characteristics of Actinomyces

A

Gram positive rods, aerobic and anaerobic, sulfur granules, colonizes oral biome, source of abx

93
Q

Disease caused by Actinomyces bovis

94
Q

Dx of Actinomyces

A

Aerobic and Anaerobic cultures

95
Q

Tx of Actinomyces

A

prolonged penecillin G and Iodides, surgical exceision

96
Q

Characteristics of dermatophilus congolensis

A

Aerobic gram positive rod, branching bacteria, colonizes skin, motile zoospores

97
Q

Dx of Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Microscopic tram-track, Culture, PCR

98
Q

Disease caused by Dermatophilus congolensis

A

Rain scald, foot rot

99
Q

Tx of Dermatophilus congolensis

A

systemic abx (penecillin/tetracycline)

100
Q

Characteristics of Trueperella pyogenes

A

Gram positive rod, pleomorphic, aerobic, opportunist of GI tract

101
Q

Disease caused by Trueperella pyogenes

A

chronic purulent infections in runinants and swine

102
Q

Dx of Trueperellat pyogenes

A

Aerobic culture

103
Q

Tx of Trueperella pyogenes

A

Penicillin G

104
Q

Characteristics of Actinobaculum suis

A

Anaerobic gram positive rod, commensal of prepucial mucosa in boars

105
Q

Disease caused by Actinobaculum suis

A

porcine cystitis, pyelonephritis, renal failure

Bacteriology (11 decks)

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