Module 2 - Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

Question 1

Feature: Nucleus (P)

Answer 1

Prokaryotic:

• No true nucleus.
• DNA found naked in the cytoplasm.

Question 2

Feature: Nucleus (E)

Answer 2

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell…
-Distinct nucleus surrounded by nuclear envelope.
-DNA associated with histone proteins.
Plant Cell…
-Distinct nucleus surrounded by nuclear envelope.
-DNA associated with histone proteins.

Question 3

Feature: Cytoskeleton (P)

Answer 3

Prokaryotic:

-absent.

Question 4

Feature: Cytoskeleton (E)

Answer 4

Eukaryotic: 
Animal Cell...
-present.
Plant Cell...
-present.

Question 5

Feature: DNA (P)

Answer 5

Prokaryotic:

-circular strands.

Question 6

Feature: DNA (E)

Answer 6

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell…
-linear molecules, found arranged as chromosomes.
Plant Cell…
-linear molecules, found arranged as chromosomes.

Question 7

Feature: Organelles (P)

Answer 7

Prokaryotic:

-no membrane-bound organelles present.

Question 8

Feature: Organelles (E)

Answer 8

Eukaryotic: 
Animal Cell...
-membrane-bound organelles present.
Plant Cell...
-membrane-bound organelles present.

Question 9

Feature: Chloroplasts (P)

Answer 9

Prokaryotic:

-none present but may contain photosynthetic pigments.

Question 10

Feature: Chloroplasts (E)

Answer 10

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell...
-absent.
Plant Cell...
-present.

Question 11

Feature: Ribosomes (P)

Answer 11

Prokaryotic:

-small 70S.

Question 12

Feature: Ribosomes (E)

Answer 12

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell...
-larger 80S.
Plant Cell...
-larger 80S. (chloroplasts + mitochondria = small 70S).

Question 13

Feature: Cilia and Flagella (P)

Answer 13

Prokaryotic:

-sometimes present - but different to those in animal cells.

Question 14

Feature: Cilia and Flagella (E)

Answer 14

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell...
-frequently present - usually a 9 + 2 arrangement.
Plant Cell...
-rarely present.

Question 15

Feature: Lysosomes (P)

Answer 15

Prokaryotic:

-absent.

Question 16

Feature: Lysosomes (E)

Answer 16

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell...
-present.
Plant Cell...
-absent - but vacuole carries out the same function.

Question 17

Feature: Endoplasmic reticulum (P)

Answer 17

Prokaryotic:

-absent.

Question 18

Feature: Endoplasmic reticulum (E)

Answer 18

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell...
-present.
Plant Cell...
-absent.

Question 19

Feature: Cell wall (P)

Answer 19

Prokaryotic:

-present - made of peptidoglycan (murein).

Question 20

Feature: Cell wall (E)

Answer 20

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell...
-absent.
Plant Cell...
-present - made of cellulose or pectin.

Question 21

Feature: Vacuole (P)

Answer 21

Prokaryotic:

-absent.

Question 22

Feature: Vacuole (E)

Answer 22

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell...
-if present - small and temporary.
Plant Cell...
-large, central and permanent.

Question 23

Feature: Storage molecule (P)

Answer 23

Prokaryotic:

-glycogen granules and lipid droplets.

Question 24

Feature: Storage molecule (E)

Answer 24

Eukaryotic:
Animal Cell...
-glycogen granules.
Plant Cell...
-starch grains.

Question 25

Feature: Diameter (P)

Answer 25

Prokaryotic:

-0.5 to 3.0 μm

Question 26

Feature: Diameter (E)

Answer 26

Eukaryotic:

-10 to 100 μm

Question 27

Feature Site of Respiration (P)

Answer 27

Prokaryotic:

-Folded inner membrane forming the mesosome.

Question 28

Feature: Site of Respiration (E)

Answer 28

Eukaryotic:

-Mitochondria (1st stage respiration occurs in cytosol, remaining 3 stages occur in mitochondria).

Question 29

Feature: Photosynthetic pigment (P)

Answer 29

Prokaryotic:

-No photosynthetic pigments usually.

Question 30

Feature: Photosynthetic pigment (E)

Answer 30

Eukaryotic:

-Photosynthetic pigments sometimes present e.g. chlorophyll and carotenoids in plant cells.