module 2 plant dev and yeild

Question 1

The storage organ of monocotyledon (e.g. wheat) grains is the:

(A) coleoptile;

(B) cotyledon;

(C) embryo;

(D) endosperm;

(E) radicle.

Answer 1

(D) endosperm;

Question 2

he storage organ of diccotyledon is the:

(A) coleoptile;

(B) cotyledon;

(C) embryo;

(D) endosperm;

(E) radicle.

Answer 2

(B) cotyledon;

Question 3

Which of the following yield components is altered depending on the extent of tillering in a grain plant, e.g. wheat:

(A) plants/unit area;

(B) ears/plant;

(C) spikelets/ear;

(D) grains/spikelet;

(E) grain weight.

Answer 3

(B) ears/plant;

Question 4

In which of the following order do white clover phytomers age?

(A) leaf formation, internode elongation, possible stolon branching/inflorescence development, root formation, death;

(B) leaf formation, root formation, internode elongation, possible stolon branching/inflorescence development, death;

(C) death, internode elongation, possible stolon branching/inflorescence development, leaf formation, root formation;

(D) internode elongation, possible stolon branching/inflorescence development, leaf formation, root formation, death;

(E) possible stolon branching/inflorescence development, root formation, leaf formation, internode elongation, death.

Answer 4

(A) leaf formation, internode elongation, possible stolon branching/inflorescence development, root formation, death;

Question 5

Legumes in New Zealand pastures such as white clover have been measured to contribute fixed nitrogen in the range of: (A) 0.6-3 kg N/ha/yr;

(B) 6-30 kg N/ha/yr;

(C) 60-300 kg N/ha/yr;

(D) 600-3000 kg N/ha/yr;

(E) > 3000 kg N/ha/yr.

Answer 5

(C) 60-300 kg N/ha/yr;

Question 6

What vegetative organ protects the basal meristem (growing point) of a ryegrass plant?

(A) leaf blade;

(B) auricle;

(C) pseudostem;

(D) ligule

; (E) true stem.

Answer 6

(C) pseudostem;

Question 7

.……………… growth is the term used to describe growth from apical or basal meristems. However, .……………… growth is the term used to describe growth from the cylindrical meristem, called the .………………

Answer 7

primary, secondary, cambium

Question 8

.……………… growth is the term used to describe growth from apical or basal meristems.

Answer 8

primary

Question 9

.……………… (name the pasture plant) can incorporate 200 kg of N as a product of atmospheric N .……………… due to its mutualistic relationship with .……………… bacteria.

Answer 9

white clover, fixation, rhizobia

Question 10

Phytochrome is a plant protein that:

(A) causes tomato plants to flower;

(B) prevents flowering of biennial plants in their first summer;

(C) reduces the internode length of reproductive stems of ryegrass;

D) causes pastures to remain vegetative through summer;

(E) causes a burst of tillering in grasses after grazing events.

Answer 10

(E) causes a burst of tillering in grasses after grazing events.

Question 11

Modern white clover cultivars have been bred to have larger leaf sizes and higher ……. densities. This gives these cultivars greater potential ……. and the ability to have better …………. to adverse conditions, respectively.

Answer 11

stolon, yield, tolerances

Question 12

What is the name of the basic module or building block of plant growth, consisting of: a node, leaf, axillary bud, and joined by an internode? …………………….

Answer 12

phytomer

Question 13

Name the two (2) types of roots that ryegrass and white clover have: .…………………. .………………….

Answer 13

primary root and adventitious root

Question 14

Briefly describe (in 1-2 sentences each) any five (5) properties of grass morphology and growth that make it particularly suitable for regular animal grazing.

Answer 14

1. apical meristem below grazing height,
2. true stem comprised of chain of phytomers so rapid recovery.
3. phytomers go through development stages; Leaf formation, internode elongation, possible stolon branching or inflorescence development. root formation and death, thus constantly being replaced and respond to environment changes
4. adventitious roots grow from nodes which replace the tap roots. these keep the stem anchored
5. perennial life cycle from daughter tillers and ongoing phytomer development