Module 2- general info

Question 1

types of antibiotic therapy

Answer 1

empiric, definitive, prophylactic, therapeutic, subtherapeutic, superinfection

Question 2

types of bacteria

Answer 2

bacilli- rod
cocci-round
gram -
gram +

Question 3

gram + bacteria

Answer 3

2 layer cell wall that is easy to penetrate

Question 4

gram - bacteria

Answer 4

3 layer cell wall = more difficult to penetrate

Question 5

mycobacterium

Answer 5

special bacteria, waxy cell wall, harder to kill

mycobacterium tuberculosis-

Question 6

virus characteristics

Answer 6

reproduce inside cell
=effort to kill virus usually toxic to host
antibiotics are ineffective

Question 7

fungi characteristics

Answer 7

plant like organisms that don’t need to survive
primary fx is to eat dead tissue
treat with antifungals

Question 8

parasite characteristics

Answer 8

may live in host cells, organs, structures

Question 9

helminths

Answer 9

worms that live in intestines

Question 10

example of parasitic infection

Answer 10

malaria

Question 11

aerobic bacteria

Answer 11

require oxygen to survive

Question 12

aerobic bacteria usually found in

Answer 12

mouth, GI, lungs

Question 13

anaerobic bacteria

Answer 13

don’t need oxygen to survive

Question 14

example of anaerobic

Answer 14

gangrene caused by clostridium perfringes

Question 15

types of bacteria antibiotics

Answer 15

bactericidal and bacteriostatic

Question 16

bactericidal antibiotics

Answer 16

kills bacteria directly by:
weakened cell wall =open and lyse
bind to ribosomes and dec. protein synthesis depleting replication; or kill directly

Question 17

bacteriostatic antibiotics

Answer 17

interfere w/ bacteria replication -> slows protein synthesis= gradually decreasing number of bacteria in system allowing immune system to kill remaining

Question 18

which antibiotics are beta lactams

Answer 18

penicillin’s and cephalosporines

Question 19

what type of antibiotics can cause antibiotic resistance?

Answer 19

broad spectrum antibiotics

Question 20

disinfectant

Answer 20

often kill organisms, only used on non-living objects

bactericidal

Question 21

antiseptic

Answer 21

applied to living tissue,

bacteriostatic

Question 22

antiretroviral therapy (ART)

Answer 22

reduces replication of HIV

interfere w/ life cycle of HIV retrovirus

Question 23

types of antiretroviral drugs

Answer 23

viral entry blockers

enzyme inhibitors

Question 24

viral entry blockers kinds

Answer 24

entry fusions inhibitors and CCR5 inhibitors

Question 25

entry fusion inhibitors

Answer 25

inhibit HIV disease that is advanced or resistant

Question 26

CCR5 antagonists

Answer 26

treat only HIV 1 which binds to CCR5- blocks fusions of HIV to CD4 cells

Question 27

enzyme inhibitors

Answer 27

nucleoside transcriptase inhibitors, integrase inhibitors, protease inhibitors

Question 28

viral replication

Answer 28

viruses can not replicate on own, must be attached and enter host cell (called fusion)

Question 29

viruses can enter body through 4 routes

Answer 29

inhalation to resp tract, ingestion GI tract, transplacental, inoculation- skin mucous membranes

Question 30

antitubercular drugs

Answer 30

reduce cough to reduce infectiousness | reduce s/s

Question 31

antifungal drug therapy treats

Answer 31

yeasts, molds

Question 32

yeasts

Answer 32

single celled fungus, reproduce by budding

Question 33

molds

Answer 33

multi- cellular, characterized by long, branching filaments (hyphae)

Question 34

HIV characteristics

Answer 34

intracellular parasitic virus, has genetic material used to reproduce in form of RNA rather than DNA attacks CD-4 cells that play role in immune system

Question 35

2 forms of HIV

Answer 35

``` HIV 1 (worldwide) HIV2 (common in west africa) and develops more slowly ```

Question 36

phases of retrovirus

Answer 36

1. attachment/binding 2. uncoating and fusion 3. DNA synthesis 4. integration 5. transcription 6. translation 7. cleavage 8. budding